Documents China 692 results

"Im April 2014 legten mehr als 40.000 Arbeiter und Arbeiterinnen des taiwanesischen Sportschuhherstellers Yue Yuen in Gaobu im südchinesischen Perlflussdelta, der Werkbank der Welt, die Produktion still. Der Streik ist Teil einer neuen Welle von industriellen Konflikten im aufstrebenden Industrieland China. Ältere Wanderarbeiter protestieren nun für eine Anerkennung ihrer Sozial- und Rentenversicherungsansprüche und zeigen die Grenzen der hyperflexiblen Billiglohnproduktion in China auf. Auf der Basis umfangreicher Feldforschung analysieren wir den Streik bei Yue Yuen. Wir zeigen, dass neben neuen Rahmenbedingungen (industrielle Transformation und wachsender Konkurrenzdruck im Perlflussdelta sowie die Antikorruptionskampagne der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas) die Abstiegsängste der älteren Beschäftigten für die Mobilisierung verantwortlich waren. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass das Konfliktthema der Sozialleistungen einen nachhaltigen Einfluss auf die chinesischen Arbeitsbeziehungen haben wird, da nun der gesellschaftliche Druck zunimmt, auch die Arbeiter und Arbeiterinnen in der Exportindustrie besser abzusichern."

"In this important volume, nine studies identify the complexities of protecting labour rights in a mobile global economy by assessing the role of ILO standards, as well as public, private, and public-private initiatives, in countering the potentially negative impact of international trade and investment flows on labour rights. The editor's powerfully summative introduction and conclusion pinpoint the crucial issues confronting labour law in this context, highlighting the need for policy coordination and coherence. Among the topics and issues raised in the book are the following:

empirical studies of migrant workers employed in global supply chains;

international recruitment intermediaries;

governance through hierarchy versus governance through networks;

trade sustainable impact assessments (SIAs);

the so-called governance triangle – the state, companies, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs);

corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives; and

the OECD's national contact points (NCPs).

Various authors focus on such features as the difficulties of monitoring labour conditions in a supply-chain system, the multiple forms of disadvantage often faced by supply-chain workers, enforcement and jurisdictional roadblocks, and pitfalls caused by prioritizing quantitative modelling at the expense of qualitative analysis. Authors and editors both offer recommendations on ways to not only hold multinationals responsible for the negative externalities of their actions but also provide building blocks for"

"This presentation considers progress towards establishment of a modern legislative framework for individual employment relations in China. A background of current labour market statistics and trends is provided, together with comment on perceived impacts for China of the global financial crisis since 2008. Recent enactments dealing with employment promotion, labour contracts, and labour dispute resolution are then considered. These are seen as a new phase in regulatory activity for the world of work since the foundation of the People's Republic in 1949. Particular challenges are identified in relation to effective delivery of employment rights, the administrative monitoring of enterprise compliance with labour regulations, and judicial efficiency in dealing with a rising volume of labour disputes throughout China. The influence of international standard-setting bodies upon the new enactments is noted, as are lessons drawn by the Chinese authorities from examination of experiences in other national systems. It is suggested that, without dramatic departure from the framework established by the 'umbrella' Labour Law of 1994, recent Chinese legislation reflects some sophisticated and innovative draughtsmanship, as well as sensitivity to the delicate balance between the economic interests of enterprises and the (generally protective) 'social dimension' of the world of work. Concern is expressed, however, as to whether China's available enforcement and sanctioning mechanisms will suffice to ensure that the new regulatory arrangements become effective in practice. Notably, there is a pressing need for capacity building in order to provide the administrative and judicial institutions necessary to ensure effective labour market regulation within a framework of rule of law. The need for a stable, well-regulated, yet flexible, labour market is seen as crucial to the continued success of the Chinese economy at a time of dramatic global flux. Cautious optimism is expressed as to the prospects of achieving those goals."

"In sustainability analysis, human time is a crucial and overlooked societal limit. Some core countries overcome their time budgets and preserve their socio-economic structures by using energy and importing working time embodied in products and services. This paper analyses the roles of the United States, the European Union, and China in the international division of labor using the Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM) framework. We calculated working time in production, consumption, and trade both in absolute and per capita terms, for the different economic subsectors in 2011. Energy Metabolic Rates (energy use per hour) and Economic Job Productivity (value-added per hour) complemented the analysis. Whereas the greatest share of the workforce in China was still in agriculture, the US and EU had it in the tertiary sectors by outsourcing large shares of agriculture, mining, and industry: they import about half of the labor time in their consumption. At the global level, the trade of embodied labor is a zero-sum game. This fact questions the long-term viability of the current pattern of development enjoyed by the EU and the US, as well as the possibility for emerging economies to complete a similar transition to a post-industrial economy."

"A comprehensive handbook that addresses the relationship between nature and labour from the point of view of workers as social actors against globalising environmental degradation
Provides a wide-ranging account that connects the policies and struggles of workers, peasants, and indigenous populations for a socially and environmentally sustainable form of production and livelihoods across the world
Takes a truly global perspective, incorporating perspectives from the Global North and Global South where critiques of and strategies against environmental degradation are often very different
An interdisciplinary approach to the subject allowing researchers and practitioners to engage and advance the creation of theory about the relationship"