Documents Belize 2 results

"Is there a threshold of hours of work below which the schooling of 12-14 year-olds is not adversely affected by child labour? In order to answer this question, the authors draw on child labour data sets from seven countries to estimate the effects of child labour on school attendance and performance and on non-schooling variables such as mean study time and literacy, controlling for the endogeneity of child labour hours as a regressor. They find robust evidence that child labour hours have a strong negative impact on the educational variables from the moment a child enters the labour market."

"This article studies the impact of design characteristics of in-work benefits on labour supply and poverty in an international comparative setting, taking account of both first-order (without taking labour supply effects into account) and second-order effects (taking labour supply effects into account). We use the microsimulation model EUROMOD, which has been enriched with a structural discrete choice labour supply model to take account of labour supply reactions. The analysis is performed for four EU member states: Belgium, Italy, Poland and Sweden. The results show that design characteristics matter substantially, though the specific effects differ in magnitude across countries, indicating there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Throughout the analysis, numerous trade-offs are uncovered: not only between work incentives and poverty goals, but also within work incentives themselves. Taking account of behavioural reactions attenuates the impact on poverty outcomes, signalling the importance of bringing these effects into the empirical analysis."