Documents unskilled worker 147 results

"Comment se construit la confiance sur un marché du travail non qualifié lorsque la main-d'œuvre est a priori dépourvue des signaux habituels de la qualification ? Sur la base d'enquêtes de terrain menées dans le secteur de l'hôtellerie-restauration, nous montrons que les opérations de recrutement liées aux emplois non qualifiés sont investies de façon très inégale selon les espaces de qualification dans lesquels se définit la non-qualification. Dans le « pôle professionnel », l'emploi non qualifié se situe aux marges d'une activité principalement exercée par des gens de métier. Dans la mesure où la confiance se construit en amont des transactions, l'embauche repose sur la reconnaissance de qualités préalablement sanctionnées, ce qui rend problématique le recrutement de la main-d'œuvre dépourvue des signaux de qualification attendue. À l'inverse, le « pôle commercial » mobilise une main-d'œuvre a priori plus substituable. La dépendance des employeurs envers le marché du travail les conduit à davantage se confronter à des candidats inconnus. Il en résulte des opérations de sélection pouvant aboutir au recrutement de profils improbables, ce qui conduit à nuancer l'image d'un secteur réputé pour ses discriminations."

"This paper reports about a randomized experiment in which training vouchers of €1000 were given to low-skilled workers. The vouchers increase training participation by almost 20 percentage points in two years, relative to a base rate of 0.45. This increased participation comes at a substantial deadweight loss of almost 60%. Consistent with predictions from human capital theory, we find that vouchers cause a shift towards more general forms of training. We do not find any significant impact of the program on monthly wages or on job mobility. The program does, however, have a significant impact on future training plans. Compared to always-takers, new trainees are more often male, more risk averse, work shorter hours and are less likely to have participated in training prior to treatment. Compared to never-takers, they are more often female, work longer hours and have a somewhat lower formal education level."

"The progressive diffusion of ICT explains the raise in the number of highly paid jobs but has difficulties in justifying that of low-paid jobs. Classifying occupations according to their median wage in 1993, we analyze their employment growth until 2010, which is highest both in the top and in the bottom of the distribution, and lowest in the middle. Low-paid personnel services arise as the main factor responsible for the increase in the proportion of employment at the bottom of the wage distribution. We argue that population aging can explain the increased demand for personal services and thus the rise of employment in low-paid positions. Our argument goes as follows: goods and personal services are complementary for seniors. The decrease in the relative price of goods, induced by the progressive replacement of labor input in routine tasks by machines, is then associated with an increased demand for personal services if the proportion of seniors is increasing. We thus complement the existing literature on employment polarization by showing that demographic trends also play first order role."

"We examine whether low-paid jobs have an effect on the probability that unemployed persons obtain better-paid jobs in the future (springboard effect). We make use of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and apply a dynamic random effects bivariate probit model. Our results suggest that low-wage jobs can act as springboards to better-paid work. The improvement of the chance to obtain a high-wage job by accepting low-paid work is particularly large for less-skilled persons and for individuals who experienced longer periods of unemployment. Low-paid work is less beneficial if the job is associated with a low social status."