Documents type of work 127 results

"Objectives Rates of disability pension are greatly increased among people with low education. This study examines the extent to which associations between education and disability pensions might be explained by differences in working conditions. Information on individuals at age 13 years was used to assess confounding of associations.Method Two nationally representative samples of men and women born in 1948 and 1953 in Sweden (22 889 participants in total) were linked to information from social insurance records on cause (musculoskeletal, psychiatric, and other) and date (from 1986–2008) of disability pension. Education data were obtained from administrative records. Occupation data were used for measurement of physical strain at work and job control. Data on paternal education, ambition to study, and intellectual performance were collected in school.Results Women were found to have higher rates of disability pension than men, regardless of diagnosis, whereas men had a steeper increase in disability pension by declining educational level. Adjustment of associations for paternal education, ambition to study, and intellectual performance at age 13 had a considerable attenuating effect, also when disability pension with a musculoskeletal diagnosis was the outcome. Despite this, high physical strain at work and low job control both contributed to explain the associations between low education and disability pensions in multivariable models.Conclusion Working conditions seem to partly explain the increased rate of disability pension among men and women with lower education even though this association does reflect considerable selection effects based on factors already present in late childhood."

"La nomenclature des familles professionnelles (Fap) rapproche le répertoire opérationnel des métiers et des emplois (Rome) utilisé par Pôle emploi, des professions et catégories socioprofessionnelles (PCS), utilisées par l'Insee dans ses enquêtes. Ce numéro de Synthèse Stat' décrit, au travers de fiches, les principales expositions professionnelles des salariés pour chaque Fap (ou regroupement de Fap) de la nomenclature en 87 postes. Pour chacune d'entre elles sont également fournis des éléments descriptifs de la Fap et du profil des salariés. Les expositions aux risques professionnels sont présentées par types de contraintes physiques, organisationnelles, d'expositions aux agents biologiques et aux nuisances chimiques. Les données présentées sont issues de l'enquête Surveillance médicale des expositions aux risques professionnels (Sumer) de 2010, enquête transversale qui permet de cartographier les expositions professionnelles des salariés, la durée de ces expositions et les protections collectives ou individuelles éventuelles mises à disposition."

"Objectives Work represents an important role in society, and the nature and consequences of job stress have garnered significant research interest. In recent years, considerable effort has been made to elucidate the occupational stressor–strain relationship, or the interplay between unfavorable working conditions (stressor) and worker well-being (strain). In line with Bandura's notion of “reciprocal determinism”, a reciprocal occupational stressor–strain relationship is now increasingly postulated, where variables exert mutual influences on each other over time. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of empirical support for three specific “reversed” (strain-to-stressor) effects, guided by the Demand–Control–Support model.Methods A systematic literature review was conducted (1996–2012 inclusive) through a search of databases. After relevant studies were identified, a methodological quality appraisal was performed based on four key criteria: sample size, measurement, non-spuriousness, and non-response bias. Subsequently, a quantitative synthesis of evidence from high-quality studies was performed by calculating a standardized index of convergence for each reversed effect.Results Twenty-three qualifying studies were found and evidence from ten high-quality studies ultimately contributed to the synthesis. Moderately strong evidence in support of a positive strain-to-job demands effect was found, but there was no evidence in support of either a strain-to-job control or a strain-to-workplace social support effectConclusions In conjunction with available evidence on the corresponding “normal” (stressor-to-strain) effect, this review gives credence to the possibility of a reciprocal stressor–strain relationship involving job demands and worker well-being."