Documents underemployment 36 results

"En France, au cours de la décennie 1990, le sous-emploi BIT (lié à une durée du travail à horaire contraint) a connu une très forte croissance et contribué à la stabilisation du chômage. La plupart des travaux rapprochent sous-emploi et emploi à temps partiel et l'expliquent par l'offre de travail. Cette étude insiste au contraire sur le rôle de la demande et le besoin croissant de flexibilité en volume de main-d'œuvre pour les entreprises. Le recours au sous-emploi n'est pas général. Faible dans le secteur de l'industrie, le sous-emploi fortement développé dans le tertiaire et les services résulterait de la conjonction d'une évolution vers une gestion flexible de la durée du travail et d'un excès transitoire d'offre de travail. Une éventuelle reprise conjoncturelle pourrait absorber cette offre et créer de sérieux problèmes aux nouvelles organisations flexibles."

"Since the start of the economic crisis in 2008 there has been widespread concern with changes in the level and composition of unemployment. The phenomenon of underemployment has, however, received markedly less attention, although it too increased in extent following the start of the crisis. This article considers the consequences of underemployment for the subjective well-being of UK employees. Drawing on data from the 2006 and 2012 Employment and Skills Surveys, the article assesses how the Great Recession affected relationships between different dimensions of underemployment and well-being. The findings demonstrate that the negative well-being consequences of workers' dissatisfaction with opportunities to make use of their abilities became more substantial, as did the consequences of being ‘hours constrained' and having an unsatisfactory workload. The article also shows that the economic crisis had a negative impact on the well-being of employees who work very long hours."

"To assess potential public concerns, this paper examines theory and evidence surrounding graduate educational underemployment (overeducation) in this era of mass higher education. Using a new, validated, index of graduate jobs, we find that the prevalence of graduate underemployment across 21 countries is correlated with the aggregate supply–demand imbalance, but not with indicators of labour market flexibility. Underemployment's association with lower job satisfaction and pay is widespread. Yet in most countries there are external benefits (social trust, volunteering, and political efficacy) associated with higher education, even for those who are underemployed. Taken together with existing studies we find that, in this era of mass higher education participation, under-employment is a useful indicator of the extent of macroeconomic disequilibrium in the graduate labour market. We conclude that governments should monitor graduate underemployment, but that higher education policy should be based on social returns and should recall higher education's wider purposes."

"Should unemployment insurance (UI) systems provide coverage for underemployed job seekers? Based on a statistical analysis of Norwegian unemployment spells, we conclude that the answer to this question is yes. Allowing insured job seekers to retain partial UI benefits during periods of insufficient part-time work not only reduces UI expenditures during the part-time work period, but it also unambiguously reduces the time until a regular self-supporting job is found. Probable explanations are that even small temporary part-time jobs provide access to useful vacancy information and that such jobs are used by employers as a screening device when hiring from the unemployment pool."

"The economic crisis that led to recession in the UK in 2008–9 impacted in multiple ways on work and economic life. This article examines changes to the work-time of employees. The UK stood out for its recessionary expansion of work-time underemployment. Working in a job that provides ‘too few' hours can have serious ramifications for the economic livelihood of workers. Working-class workers are central here. Drawing on analysis of large-scale survey data, the article identifies that workers in lower level occupations experienced the most substantial post-recessionary growth in the proportions working ‘too few' hours. Did these work-time changes narrow or widen class inequalities in feelings of financial hardship? The article concludes that although middle-class workers also saw their financial positions damaged, this so-called ‘first middle-class recession' did not erode class inequalities in financial hardship among UK workers."

"This paper examines the amount of slack in the UK labor market. It examines the downward adjustments made by the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) to both unemployment and underemployment, which in our view are invalid. Without any evidence the MPC in its assessment of the output gap reduces the level of unemployment because of its claim that long-term unemployment has no effect on wages. We produce contrary evidence. The MPC further reduces the level of underemployment in the United Kingdom by half. We present arguments as to why we also think this inappropriate. We set out arguments on why we believe the level of slack is greater than the MPC calibrates. Consistent with that is the fact that real wages in the United Kingdom continue to fall."

"En 2012, le taux de chômage en France a atteint 9,8 % – le taux le plus élevé depuis 1999 – ce qui représente 2,8 millions de personnes. Si la dégradation de l'emploi affectait davantage les ouvriers et les employés, les professions intermédiaires, jusque-là épargnées, sont désormais concernées. Parmi les 25,8 millions de Français qui ont un emploi, 5,3 % sont en situation de sous-emploi. C'est plus souvent le cas chez les jeunes, les femmes et les employés. En outre, sur dix personnes qui travaillent, une sur dix est non salariée, cinq sont ouvriers ou employés et quatre sont des cadres ou professions intermédiaires."

"Contrary to much of the established literature, this paper finds that though many older workers would prefer to reduce their working hours (the overemployed), there is a significant group who would like to work longer hours (the underemployed). And contrary to the assumption that the self-employed are more easily able than employees to select a desired combination of hours and the wage rate, this paper finds that older self-employed workers are more likely to wish to adjust their hours, both upward and downward than are employees. A new index of underemployment is used to show that for the UK, since the onset of the Great Recession, underemployment among older workers has been growing more rapidly than unemployment. Using longitudinal data from the UK Labour Force Survey, the paper investigates the effects of overemployment and underemployment on transitions from employment and self-employment into other labour market states. It confirms that overemployment is a significant predictor of retirement among employees while underemployed employees are less likely to retire."