Documents closed shop 7 results

"Declining union density in Australia and Britain has focused attention on the need for union reorganization. This article examines how the development of closed shops in the two countries influenced member exit rates and the internal union relations now affecting union renewal. Findings show that legislative support for the Australian closed shop tended to foster more union dependency on state and employers, union bureaucratization, less active stewards and more dissatisfied members than in Britain. The subsequent outlawing of the Australian closed shop and increasing employer hostility resulted in higher levels of density decline than in Britain. While the greater resilience of British density supports the case for developing strong workplace unionism, the relative bureaucratization of Australian unions within an increasingly antagonistic context, against the British situation of relatively indifferent employers and steward independence, limits the transferability of strategies designed to achieve union renewal."

"Ladenschlussrecht gehört nicht zum Arbeitsrecht ieS., sondern zum Gewerbeordnungsrecht mit dem Ziel gesunder Wettbewerbsverhältnisse zwischen Ladeninhabern insofern, als einer übermäßigen Konkurrenz durch willkürliche Ladenöffnungszeiten gegen gesteuert werden sollte. Seine arbeitnehmerschützende Tendenz ergibt sich im Wege der Drittwirkung aus dem gewerberechtlichen Schließungsgebot an Ladeninhaber und der Gesetzesbindung der Überwachungsbehörden. Er dient mittelbar der Einhaltung der Arbeitszeitbestimmungen für Ladenangestellte, soll zumindest ihre Kontrolle wirksamer machen, darüber hinaus die zulässige Arbeitszeit auf die (Tageszeiten der) Werktage verteilen und – soweit er Verkaufsstellen ohne Angestellte einbezieht – gleiche Wettbewerbschancen herbeiführen. Tatsächlich sind Arbeitszeit und Ladenschluss so eng verknüpft, dass AN und ihre Gewerkschaften auch letzteren verwaltungsgerichtlich einklagen können. Unmittelbar arbeitsrechtlichen Charakter hat § 17 LSchlG (des Bundes). Umgekehrt beeinflusst Arbeitszeit das Ladenöffnungsverhalten. Ohne Beschäftigte lassen sich die meisten Läden zwar öffnen, aber nicht betreiben.

Argument Over Shop Closing Times

The Shop Closing Act is not a part of labour law in the strict sense of it, but belongs to the Industrial Code with the objective of a »healthy competitive environment between shop owners insofar as excessive competition via arbitrary shop closing times should be restricted.« Its employee-protective tendency is being derived by way of third-party effect from the trade-and-industry law-related closing obligation of shop owners, and the rule of law by which supervisory bodies are bound. It indirectly serves compliance with working hour regulations relating to shop assistants, i.e. it is at least meant to make relevant monitoring more effective; furthermore, it should allocate admissible working hours to (daily hours of) working days, and – as far as it includes selling points without employees – it is meant to create equal competition opportunities. In fact, working hours and shop closing times are so closely interconnected that employees and their trade unions are entitled to sue for the latter in administrative courts. § 17 LSchlG (Federal Shop Closing Act) is of direct labour law nature. In turn, working hours have influence on shop closing behaviour. Most shops may be held open without employees, but they cannot be operated this way."