Documents occupational medicine 229 results

"Le présent rapport montre comment le lieu de travail peut servir de cadre pour des activités de promotion de la santé allant au-delà des préoccupations traditionnelles limitées aux risques d'origine professionnelle. Etabli par un groupe de onze experts internationaux, le rapport est axé sur des programmes et des activités mis au point pour les travailleurs et dont il a été démontré qu'ils pouvaient modifier les modes de vie, améliorer la santé, accroître la productivité et réduire l'absentéisme et les accidents sur le lieu de travail. La section la plus importante se fonde sur des études et des données d'expérience, provenant essentiellement de pays industrialisés, pour illustrer les résultats favorables obtenus au moyen de certains types de programmes. Ceux-ci comprennent les mesures visant à réduire à l'usage du tabac, promouvoir l'activité physique, améliorer la nutrition et le contrôle du poids et, enfin, combattre la consommation d'alcool et de drogues. Les programmes destinés à réduire les facteurs psychosociaux défavorables et à corriger les problèmes ergonomiques sont également examinés"

"Often patients do not recognize the relationship between symptoms and their environment, and even when recognized, may not have the ability to change their environments. Clinicians across specialties often see patients with heat-related illnesses, but they may have lacked training during residency or fellowship, and may still lack resources to adequately diagnose and counsel patients. Clinicians who are able to recognize and manage heat-related illnesses could provide guidance for this patient, including recommendations on best cooling practices and hydration. While health effects of climate change affect almost every medical specialty, occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) specialists bring specific expertise about the impacts of environmental exposures on health and can offer targeted individual and population solutions to manage and prevent conditions caused or exacerbated by climate change"

"Large language models, such as ChatGPT-4 and Google Bard, have demonstrated potential in healthcare. This study explores their utility in occupational medicine, a field where decisions rely on compliance with specific workplace health and safety regulations. A dataset of questions encompassing key occupational health topics derived from the Italian Legislative Decree 81/08, which governs workplace health and safety, was utilized. Responses from ChatGPT-4 with contextual information (ChatGPT-4+context) and Google Bard were evaluated for accuracy and completeness, with error categorization used to identify common issues. Subcategories of the topics of the regulations were analyzed as well. In total, 433 questions were included in our analysis. ChatGPT-4+context surpasses Bard in terms of accuracy and completeness in responses, with a lower error rate in the categories analyzed, except for the percentage of missed responses. In the subcategories analyzed, Bard is superior to ChatGPT-4+context only in the areas of the manual handling of loads and physical hazards. ChatGPT-4+context outperformed Bard in providing answers about Italian regulations on health and safety at work. This study highlights the potential and limitations of large language models as decision-support tools in occupational medicine and underscores the importance of regulatory context in enhancing their reliability."

This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

"Dr. Alice Hamilton (1869–1970) was a legendary figure in occupational medicine in the United States (US), author of many articles and texts, and the first woman on the Harvard faculty (1919). Her friend from the days with social reformer Jane Addams at Hull House in Chicago (1897), Gerard Swope, became President of General Electric (GE) (1922), whereupon he hired Dr. Hamilton to investigate and report to him over the next 12 years on numerous health and safety hazards in GE plants.
One of the hazards discussed in this correspondence was asbestos.1 The letters and reports were found in the Alice Hamilton archives at Harvard and the General Electric archives. GE has been sued over the past 25 years for failing to better warn and protect workers from asbestos hazards in power plants and ships where GE steam turbines were installed and maintained in the preceding decades.
GE disclosed Dr. Hamilton's Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) file in legal discovery calling for all materials reviewed by GE expert witnesses. Perhaps, defense counsel suspected something in the FBI file might be of use to discredit Dr. Hamilton. ..."

"Grains de sable dans une logique productiviste, où le salarié doit être au top de sa forme, les médecins du travail peuvent subir des pressions de la part des entreprises dans lesquelles ils interviennent. Enquête sur des pratiques très limites. Docteur Courage", c'est le surnom qu'a gagné auprès des salariés Isabelle Kryvenac, médecin du travail de l'usine PSA de Metz-Borny (Moselle), pour avoir résisté aux pressions de la direction. Praticienne aguerrie, cette ancienne médecin-inspectrice régionale du travail (Mirt) liste en juin 2015 des dysfonctionnements, des irrégularités et des abus au sein d'un pôle de production. La direction de PSA demande alors son licenciement, refusé successivement par les comités d'entreprise, l'Inspection du travail et le ministre du Travail, tandis que les salariés signent massivement une pétition en sa faveur. ..."