Documents sensitizers 17 results

"Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the relation between ten potential occupational sensitizing exposure groups and asthma.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in three databases for peer-reviewed articles published between July 2011 and March 2023. Exposures included ten potential occupational sensitizing exposure groups (amines, anhydrides, biocides [eg, pesticides], crustaceans, enzymes, mammals, metals, “mold, fungi and yeast”, molluscs, and other chemicals [eg, cleaning agents]) classified as having no or limited evidence of a causal relation with asthma in our previous overview of systematic reviews. We included observational and case studies. Study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and evidence level evaluation were conducted independently by two reviewers, who also upgraded or downgraded the level of evidence found in our overview.
Results
This review included 55 articles. The overall confidence in study results was rated high in 8, moderate in 18, and low in 29 studies. No new studies were found for molluscs. For the remaining exposures, we upgraded main groups of crustaceans and enzymes to moderate evidence, mammals and metals to limited/contradictory, and amines and biocides to very limited/contradictory. For subgroups/specific exposures, pesticides, cleaning agents – such as chloramine and disinfection products – and an unspecified group of other chemicals, specifically acrylates and epoxy, were upgraded to moderate.
Conclusion
New occupational sensitizing exposures with moderate evidence include crustaceans, enzymes, pesticides, cleaning agents such as chloramine and disinfection products, and chemicals such as acrylates and epoxy."

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

"Over the past decade, the primary focus of nanotoxicology and nanoenvironmental health and safety efforts has been largely on inhalation exposure to engineered nanomaterials, at the production stage, and much less on considering risks along the life cycle of nano-enabled products. Dermal exposure to nanomaterials and its health impact has been studied to a much lesser extent, and mostly in the context of intentional exposure to nano-enabled products such as in nanomedicine, cosmetics and personal care products. How concerning is dermal exposure to such nanoparticles in the context of occupational exposures? When and how should we measure it?

In the first of a series of two papers (Larese Filon et al., 2016), we focused our attention on identifying conditions or situations, i.e. a combination of nanoparticle physico-chemical properties, skin barrier integrity, and occupations with high prevalence of skin disease, which deserve further investigation. This second paper focuses on the broad question of dermal exposure assessment to nanoparticles and attempts to give an overview of the mechanisms of occupational dermal exposure to nanoparticles and nano-enabled products and explores feasibility and adequacy of various methods of quantifying dermal exposure to NOAA. We provide here a conceptual framework for screening, prioritization, and assessment of dermal exposure to NOAA in occupational settings, and integrate it into a proposed framework for risk assessment."

"The paper reviews and critically assesses the evidence on the relevance of various skin uptake pathways for engineered nanoparticles, nano-objects, their agglomerates and aggregates (NOAA). It focuses especially in occupational settings, in the context of nanotoxicology, risk assessment, occupational medicine, medical/epidemiological surveillance efforts, and the development of relevant exposure assessment strategies.
Skin uptake of nanoparticles is presented in the context of local and systemic health effects, especially contact dermatitis, skin barrier integrity, physico-chemical properties of NOAA, and predisposing risk factors, such as stratum corneum disruption due to occupational co-exposure to chemicals, and the presence of occupational skin diseases. Attention should be given to: (1) Metal NOAA, since the potential release of ions may induce local skin effects (e.g. irritation and contact dermatitis) and absorption of toxic or sensitizing metals; (2) NOAA with metal catalytic residue, since potential release of ions may also induce local skin effects and absorption of toxic metals; (3) rigid NOAA smaller than 45 nm that can penetrate and permeate the skin; (4) non rigid or flexible NOAA, where due to their flexibility liposomes and micelles can penetrate and permeate the intact skin; (5) impaired skin condition of exposed workers.
Furthermore, we outline possible situations where health surveillance could be appropriate where there is NOAA occupational skin exposures, e.g. when working with nanoparticles made of sensitizer metals, NOAA containing sensitizer impurities, and/or in occupations with a high prevalence of disrupted skin barrier integrity. The paper furthermore recommends a stepwise approach to evaluate risk related to NOAA to be applied in occupational exposure and risk assessment, and discusses implications related to health surveillance, labelling, and risk communication."

"Background:One of the main health concerns of epoxy resins is their role as skin sensitizer. This sensitization is not uncommon, because the prevalence ranges around 1–12% of the general population.Objectives:Perform a cross sectional study in a patch test population from Northeastern Italy to investigate the prevalence of epoxy resins sensitization among patients with suspected contact dermatitis. Subsequently, relate findings to patients' occupation and evaluate time trend of prevalence.Methods:The final study database included 19 088 consecutive patients, tested from 1996 to 2010 in Northeastern Italy.Results:The overall prevalence of epoxy resins sensitization was 0·89%. Dermatitis most frequently involved hands (40·25%). In both sexes, we find a significant correlation in mechanics, woodworkers, and chemical industry workers; and in males only, among farmers and fishers, construction workers, and unemployed. We found significant increase of sensitization in construction workers in the analyzed period.Conclusions:The overall prevalence of sensitization to epoxy resins in Northeastern Italy is in line with other European countries, but we found an increased risk of sensitization in some professions and an increasing trend of prevalence in construction workers. Better preventive actions are strongly advised in higher risk professions, with particular attentions towards building sector."

"Les allergies professionnelles comptent parmi les maladies professionnelles les plus fréquentes, car nombre de substances et d'organismes sensibilisants sont présents en milieu de travail. Souvent sous-estimées, ces pathologies peuvent pourtant devenir très invalidantes et conduire à des réorientations professionnelles. Ce dossier propose un état des lieux des connaissances sur la fréquence de ces pathologies dans le monde du travail et sur les mécanismes physiopathologiques mis en jeu. Il présente également différents axes de prévention des risques : des tests permettant de prédire le pouvoir sensibilisant cutané des produits chimiques, des méthodes de mesure des allergènes dans l'air des lieux de travail ainsi qu'un exemple de méthode d'évaluation de l'émissivité de machines en poussières de farine.Il se compose de 5 articles :- Quelques données épidémiologiques sur les allergies professionnelles- Les manifestations et mécanismes des allergies professionnelles- Des tests pour prédire le pouvoir sensibilisant cutané des produits chimiques- Mesurer les allergènes fongiques dans l'air des lieux de travail- Une méthode d'évaluation de l'émissivité des machines en poussières de farine."

"En la prevención de las enfermedades laborales hay dos instancias claves: la prevención primaria y la prevención secundaria. En la primera la acción se concentra en la anulación del riesgo y en medidas dispuestas para poner el factor bajo control; en la segunda, se hace referencia a la posibilidad de efectuar un diagnóstico precoz de las dolencias, de forma tal de detectar el proceso en un momento donde resulte reversible. Este trabajo coopera con la prevención primaria y secundaria ofreciendo información actualizada sobre aspectos sustantivos de la interacción entre el trabajador y el tóxico. Se dirige a aportar una herramienta para los médicos del trabajo. Aborda el desarrollo de ocho secciones que dedica a los metales y sus compuestos, a los derivados del petróleo, a la patología respiratoria irritativa y fibrótica, a los gases asfixiantes químicos, a los sensibilizantes, a los plaguicidas, a la industria farmacéutica, a los plásticos y otros."

"Chemicals are able to cause various forms of allergic disease in susceptible individuals. Among those of greatest importance in the context of occupational disease is chemical respiratory allergy, where allergic sensitization of the respiratory tract is associated with elicitation of rhinitis, asthma and/or other pulmonary symptoms following inhalation exposure to the inducing chemical allergen. Although for some chemical respiratory allergens (including the acid anhydrides) there exists a strong correlation between symptoms and the presence of specific IgE antibody, for other respiratory sensitizers (and notably the diisocyanates) such an association is variable or absent. These data have resulted in speculation about a universal mandatory role for specific IgE antibody in the induction and elicitation of respiratory allergy to chemicals and of the nature of alternative or complementary mechanisms of sensitization. There is debate also regarding the routes through which exposure to relevant chemical allergens may result in the acquisition of respiratory sensitization. Although inhalation exposure is probably the most common and most important route through which allergic sensitization of the respiratory tract is achieved, there is evidence also that respiratory sensitization to chemicals may be acquired also by dermal contact; observations that have important implications for occupational health management. The significance of IgE antibody and dermal exposure in the context of occupational respiratory allergy to chemicals is discussed. "