Documents risk assessment 1 772 results

"This paper summarizes the rationale for, possible mechanisms of, and problems related to risk assessment of the association between shift work and cancer. The mechanisms by which circadian disruption may favor the induction and/or promotion of malignant tumors are complex and multifactorial. The multilevel endocrine changes caused by circadian disruption with melatonin suppression through light at night (LAN) lead to the oncogenic targeting of the endocrine-responsive breast in women and possibly the prostate in men. Repeated phase shifting with internal desynchronization may lead to defects in the regulation of the circadian cell cycle, thus favoring uncontrolled growth. Sleep deprivation leads to the suppression of immune surveillance that may permit the establishment and/or growth of malignant clones. The epidemiological studies published so far, although dealing with large cohorts and controlling for several personal confounders, have defined the exposure to shift and/or night work rather loosely and consequently do not allow for the proper assessment of the risk connected with circadian disruption."

"In interpreting futures markets, a well-established dichotomy of hedgers and speculators is at play. Hedgers are unwillingly exposed to risks; speculators take them over hoping for profit. This concept ignores the changing notions and practices of ‘speculation' and especially ‘hedging' since the nineteenth century. Originally, hedging meant that merchants ‘buy time' in ongoing transactions. The concept later pointed to securing projected transactions by producers and processors. In today's risk economy, the term can label at best the intent to decrease exposure to a specific market risk, as part of a constant process of readjusting principally ‘speculative' market positions by all market participants. Futures markets ultimately increased the average exposure to risk, but they also made the exposure potentially manageable; this entails that the economic process is increasingly developed by expressing expectations about the future through taking market positions, that is, by creating risk."

"The objective of the study was to investigate the content, criterion, and construct validity of a single-item measure of stress symptoms. Such a concise measure would be useful in monitoring stress at work. The criteria for validity were convergence with conceptionally close measures, the plausibility of associations with health and work characteristics, and the power to discriminate between groups.The stress-symptoms item showed satisfactory content, criterion and construct validity for group-level analysis. It is suggested that the longer scales used to measure psychological stress can be replaced with it in survey research."

Tributyltin (TBT) compounds are organic derivatives of tetravalent tin. They are characterized by the presence of covalent bonds between carbon atoms and a tin atom and have the general formula (n-C4H9)3Sn-X (where X isan anion). The purity of commercial tributyltin oxide (TBTO) is generally above 96%; the principal impurities are dibutyltin derivatives and, to a lesser extent, tetrabutyltin and other trialkyltin compounds. TBTO is a colourless liquid with a characteristic odour and a relative density of 1.17 to 1.18.