Documents industrial worker 19 results

" Peu après avoir publié L'éthique protestante et l'esprit du capitalisme et son célèbre article sur l'objectivité dans les sciences et la politique sociales, Max Weber contribue à la conception et à la réalisation d'une vaste enquête sur le travail industriel en Allemagne centrée sur la question du recrutement et de l'adaptation des travailleurs, organisée à l'initiative du Verein für Sozialpolitik. C'est à l'occasion de cette entreprise qu'ont été rédigés les deux textes dont des extraits sont rassemblés dans ce volume.



Le premier est le manuel que Weber rédige à l'intention des enquêteurs mobilisés à travers l'Allemagne. Il y explique les objectifs du travail de terrain, formule une série de mises en garde et de principes destinés tant à sensibiliser les chercheurs aux différents aspects du problème qu'à standardiser et donc à rendre comparables les données récoltées. Le lecteur verra que la méthode proposée dans cette Introduction reste à bien des égards digne d'inspirer les praticiens d'aujourd'hui.



Le deuxième texte, Psychophysique du travail industriel, révèle une facette souvent méconnue de l'œuvre de Weber, puisqu'on y trouve une partie des résultats d'une étude minutieuse consacrée au travail des ouvriers et des ouvrières d'une usine textile de Westphalie. S'appuyant principalement sur les documents de l'entreprise, Weber décrit et s'efforce d'expliquer les oscillations des rendements des travailleurs, en mettant ces dernières en relation avec les salaires, le temps de travail, les techniques, l'ancienneté, l'instruction, les origines et la situation personnelle et familiale des ouvriers. Ce faisant, il montre en quoi les conditions de la grande industrie transforment en profondeur le travail humain et apparaît ainsi comme un pionnier de l'analyse sociologique du travail qui, tout en se centrant sur l'activité de l'atelier, s'efforce d'en comprendre le fonctionnement en le replaçant dans le contexte du capitalisme."

"The role played by health considerations in the reduction of working time in nineteenth century France has been largely overlooked. This paper sets out to demonstrate their importance. Section 2 documents health deterioration in the workplace. Section 3 argues that the worsening of living conditions is a negative externality suffered by workers. It arises out of ‘factory discipline' and inter-firm competition. Section 4 highlights one of the necessary conditions for any reduction in this externality: the recognition by both employers and workers of the long-term health effects of the prevailing working conditions. Physicians played a decisive role in this change. Section 5 concludes."

"New industrial centres are emerging in the so-called BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China), where large numbers of plants have been constructed in recent years, creating many manufacturing jobs. But what does industrial work look like in these locations? Up until now, much of the interest in developing country industrialization has concentrated on the poor working conditions that characterize some export-oriented sectors in emerging economies, most notoriously in the garment industry. In contrast, the concern of this book is with the modern facilities of multinational or local manufacturers that reflect aspirations for a process of industrial upgrading that might foreshadow the future for these countries.



The book provides an analysis of work, its context, and the situation of employees in plants in the BRICs focussing on three main questions:

What differences and common features can be ascertained in a comparison both of countries and firms in terms of workplace HR management and production systems? What evidence is there for either a 'high road' or 'low road' developmental path in the BRICs? How are corporate standards implemented in these local contexts? "

"Over the last 20 years, manufacturing of a wide variety of consumer goods in the global economy has shifted from relatively well-regulated, highwage and often unionized factories in the developed world to basically unregulated, low-wage and rarely unionized factories in the developing world. The prevailing supply chain approach for occupational health and safety (OHS) protections for workers is to incorporate them into the international brands' corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes in the hope that there will be a “trickle-down” effect of corporate- level OHS protections to the factory floors of the brands' suppliers. This approach has resulted in only marginal improvements of working conditions in global supply chains. A different approach – exemplified by the work of the Maquiladora Health and Safety Support Network (MHSSN) – is a worker-centred approach where the goal is to create knowledgeable, informed and active workers in factories at all tiers of the global supply chains who are familiar with OHS concepts, hazards and controls, as well as their rights under the law. The article highlights case studies of OHS capacity-building activities by the MHSSN and partner organizations with workers in five countries: Mexico, Indonesia, China, the Dominican Republic and Bangladesh."

"Thema des Beitrags ist der Wandel von Produktionsarbeit unter den Bedingungen anpassungsintelligenter Produktionssysteme. Aufgegriffen werden damit technologische Entwicklungstendenzen, die in der deutschen produktionstechnischen Debatte unter dem Label „Industrie 4.0“ thematisiert werden. In dem Beitrag werden vorläufige Forschungsergebnisse zu den Entwicklungstendenzen von Produktionsarbeit zusammengefasst. Im Anschluss an die bisherige Arbeitsforschung werden Industrie 4.0-Systeme als die Dimensionen Technik, Personal und Organisation umfassende sozio-technische Systeme begriffen. Im Hinblick auf den denkbaren Wandel von Arbeit wird von einem breiten Spektrum divergierender arbeitsorganisatorischer Muster ausgegangen. Diese Muster werden einerseits als „Polarisierte Organisation“, andererseits als „Schwarm-Organisation“ gekennzeichnet. Welche Auswirkungen sich für Arbeit ergeben, ist allerdings besonders von dem realisierten Automatisierungskonzept und der tatsächlichen Reichweite der Systemverbreitung abhängig. Dabei wird verdeutlicht, dass allenfalls von einer mittelfristig begrenzten Verbreitung von Industrie 4.0-Systemen ausgegangen werden kann."

"Welcoming women, Blacks, and immigrants long before most other unions, the Wobblies from the start were labor's outstanding pioneers and innovators, unionizing hundreds of thousands of workers previously regarded as "unorganizable." Wobblies organized the first sit-down strike (at General Electric, Schenectady, 1906), the first major auto strike (6,000 Studebaker workers, Detroit, 1911), the first strike to shut down all three coalfields in Colorado (1927), and the first "no-fare" transit-workers' job-action (Cleveland, 1944). With their imaginative, colorful, and world-famous strikes and free-speech fights, the IWW wrote many of the brightest pages in the annals of working class emancipation.



Wobblies also made immense and invaluable contributions to workers' culture. All but a few of America's most popular labor songs are Wobbly songs. IWW cartoons have long been recognized as labor's finest and funniest.



The impact of the IWW has reverberated far beyond the ranks of organized labor. An important influence on the 1960s New Left, the Wobbly theory and practice of direct action, solidarity, and "class-war" humor have inspired several generations of civil rights and antiwar activists, and are a major source of ideas and inspiration for today's radicals. Indeed, virtually every movement seeking to "make this planet a good place to live" (to quote an old Wobbly slogan), has drawn on the IWW's incomparable experience.



Originally published in 1964 and long out of print, Rebel Voices remains by far the biggest and best source on IWW history, fiction, songs, art, and lore. This new edition includes 40 pages of additional material from the 1998 Charles H. Kerr edition from Fred Thompson and Franklin Rosemont, and a new preface by Wobbly organizer Daniel Gross."