Documents explosion hazards 20 results

"This code of practice has been prepared to help those responsible for improving safety and health standards and to provide guidelines for the drafting of safety and health regulations for the coalmining industry. It contains provisions on general safety and health measures, specific measures for work underground, road and shaft driving, coal-getting, transport, etc., and procedures for the control of dust, firedamp, fire and other hazards. Local circumstances and technical facilities will determine how far it is practicable to follow these provisions."

"C'est la plus grande catastrophe nucléaire de ces trente dernières années. Le 11 mars 2011, à la suite d'un séisme et d'un tsunami d'une ampleur quasi inégalée, la centrale japonaise de Fukushima est hors de contrôle. Autour d'elle se crée une "zone interdite", contaminée par des rejets radioactifs très importants. Le jour même, François-Xavier Ménage est envoyé en tant que reporter au plus près de la catastrophe. Il retournera une dizaine de fois au Japon au cours des années suivantes, afin de saisir tous les rouages et les enjeux d'un accident dont les conséquences se font encore ressentir aujourd'hui. Ce livre retrace cinq ans d'un reportage saisissant. Auprès des "décontaminateurs", qui risquent leur vie pour neutraliser, parfois en vain, la radioactivité. Auprès des "kamikazes", ces habitants qui ont décidé de rester dans le périmètre dévasté, contre les recommandations des autorités. Auprès des antinucléaires. Auprès, aussi, des décideurs de l'époque, rongés par les regrets, qui évoquent mensonges et omissions, parfois au plus haut niveau de l'Etat... Autant de portraits qui permettent de mieux comprendre les répercussions d'un drame avant tout humain. Mais le débat se poursuit bien au-delà du Japon. Pourquoi la France est-elle pointée du doigt ? Comment l'hypothèse d'un accident similaire à celui de Fukushima est-elle évoquée par le gendarme du nucléaire ? Est-on vraiment à l'abri ?"

"In this article, we argue that workplace fire should be understood within an occupational safety and health context. We selected two cases of fire and explosion with the greatest numbers of fatalities from the annual lists of the “Worst Manslaughter Companies of the Year” in Korea. Through review of information from major media, government, courts, and workers' advocacy organizations, we found that these incidents resulted from violations of basic safety rules by the companies, and that the penalties imposed on them were light. In addition, precarious workers were more vulnerable to such risk, and self-regulation did not work even in large corporations. Like other types of occupational hazards, explosions and fires can be prevented, but prevention requires that occupational safety and health regulations be thoroughly enforced and that heavy penalties be imposed in order to eliminate any incentives for regulatory violations."

"Main results:
To evaluate nanopowder safety characteristics, morphologic, surface and bulk properties as well as their potential to disperse in their environment have to be characterized. Most nanopowders can display high reactivity characteristics that can lead to fire or explosion accidents. Specific tools and protocols are necessary to assess these parameters.
Environmental and process factors (flow velocities, materials fluxes and inventories, Pressures , Temperatures and concentrations) are key elements to consider in the risk assessment.
Once the risk evaluated, one can propose various types of safety barriers to reduce the risk:
- A Prevention barrier to reduce the probability of occurrence of an accident.
- A Mitigation barrier to reduce the effects of process parameters or propose product substitution or severity attenuation.
- A Protection barrier, such as protection equipments, confinement technologies or venting system, to protect the worker or the environment. "

"One of the main questions asked about nanopowders, when it comes to explosivity and flammability, is: Do nanopowders behave like other powders and, as such, can they more readily ignite and explode? During this study, carried out in the frame of the European Nanosafe2 project, safety parameters of nanopowders and their associated techniques and practices have been characterised for a representative set of particles of industrial relevance.
Main results: New confined stainless steel Hartmann tube and falling hammer equipment help bring experiments to a higher degree of safety and efficiency.
Lesson: Studied carbon nanotubes exhibit explosion severities and sensitivities of the same order as those found for various coals, food flours and other nanostructured carbon blacks.
Lesson: For metallic aluminum nanopowders, the small oxyde layer wrapping passivated nanoparticles may make them less explosible than micropowders.
Lesson: Nanopowders which tend to agglomerate show explosion violence characteristics of the same order as those observed with micropowders of the same substance.
Lesson: Onset temperature of carbon materials strongly depends on the specific surface area of those materials.
Warning: For aluminum, combustion mechanisms of nanosized particles are different from those observed with microsized particles. This may lead to potential problems of large scale industrial storage of such particles.
Advice: Specific prevention and protection measures should then be taken. "

Pour l'hygiéniste du travail, les réhabilitations de sites pollués constituent des activités complexes où les opérateurs peuvent être confrontés à des risques divers:- travaux publics: utilisation d'engins de chantier susceptibles de provoquer des accidents et ensevelissements;- produits chimiques : intoxication, incendie, explosion;- utilisation de machines génératrices de bruit, vibration, ...Une organisation rigoureuse du travail et de la prévention, présentée dans ce dossier, est donc nécessaire. Elle s'appuie en particulier sur une analyse pousée des risques.