Documents mutagens 67 results

The first part of this project, dealing with in vitro studies, was published in 1985 (Ashby et al., 1985) and was summarized in Environmental Health Criteria 47 (WHO, 1985). The second part, which is the subject of this report, was published in 1988 (Ashby et al., 1988a).The need for inter-laboratory collaborative studies on an international scale arose from the necessity t investigate the value of short-term tests for detecting mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals.

"A methodological guide to short-term testing for mutagens and genotoxic carcinogens. In view of the acknowledged limitations in the capacity of short-term tests to screen for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, the report attempts to explain the types of test that are commonly employed and the meaning that the results of such tests may have in the assessment of possible human hazards. The most extensive section contains descriptions, in phylogenetic order, of the most commonly used and most widely accepted assays. Emphasis is placed on the specific minimum scientific and technical criteria regarded as critical factors in obtaining data of acceptable quality and reliability. The next section provides additional criteria for good laboratory practice in genetic toxicology. The report concludes with guidelines for the application and interpretation of short-term tests."

"En 2010, plus de 10 % des salariés, environ 2 250 000 personnes, ont été exposés à au moins un produit chimique cancérogène, mutagène ou reprotoxique (CMR) pendant la dernière semaine travaillée. Entre 2003 et 2010, la proportion de salariés exposés aux CMR et les niveaux d'exposition (durée et intensité) ont globalement diminué et les mesures de protection ont été renforcées. Les améliorations sont cependant hétérogènes. L'analyse des huit agents CMR qui touchent le plus de salariés montre que l'exposition au formaldéhyde, au plomb, à l'amiante et aux poussières de bois a fortement diminué tandis que celles à d'autres produits comme la silice cristalline ou les phtalates, important reprotoxique, a plutôt augmenté. Les mesures de protections efficaces contre les produits comme les gaz d'échappement diesel ou les huiles minérales entières ont augmenté mais demeurent très insuffisantes."

"Les comités d'hygiène, de sécurité et des conditions de travail traitent un spectre de questions de santé au travail de plus en plus large et disposent de droits potentiellement puissants pour peser sur la prévention des risques professionnels dans les entreprises. Mais leur influence reste très contingente car elle repose fondamentalement sur la qualité des processus de délibération qui s'y déploient. Prenant appui sur une enquête menée sur les risques cancérogènes, mise en regard avec d'autres études récentes, cet article montre que, loin d'être données, les connaissances nécessaires à la pratique de représentation sont une ressource à construire à travers les échanges permis par l'instance, avec l'employeur comme avec les acteurs institutionnels. Surtout, le sens et la place donnés à la forme spécifique de savoir portée par les représentants des salariés façonnent des modes de fonctionnement très contrastés de l'instance."

"This report is based on a one-off survey carried out late 2007-early 2008 among EU-OSHA's network partners at the request of the European Commission. Rather than presenting an in-depth study of the systems in place for setting occupational exposure limits (OELs) for carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic substances, this report provides a general overview of the situation in 21 Member States. In recent years, all Member States have made available their OEL lists on the internet, some in English, and are capitalising on each others' resources. Readers are advised to bear in mind the introductory notes when extracting information from the extensive tables provided in the report."

Questa pubblicazione presenta una valutazione critica della principale legislazione europea adottata finora, identificando lacune significative nella colonna portante di questa normativa, la direttiva concernente la protezione dei lavoratori contro gli agenti cancerogeni.
Gli aspetti di questa direttiva che più richiedono attenzione, e devono essere rivisti, sono discussi in ciascuno dei diversi contributi che compongono questo saggio. Il primo e il più importante riguarda i valori limite vincolanti per l'esposizione nei luoghi di lavoro, che devono essere ridefiniti per tutelare le principali situazioni di esposizione. Un altro punto chiave è la necessità di estendere il campo di applicazione della direttiva ad altre sostanze tossiche, tra le quali le più preoccupanti sono quelle che presentano rischi per la riproduzione."

"In the context of the announced revision of the directive on carcinogenic substances, this publication reviews the limitations of the existing legislation and outlines the priorities for its reform.
It considers the key aspects of this issue:
- the setting of threshold limit values for workplace exposure
- the risks these substances pose to reproduction
- the relation between the employment legislation on protection for workers and the dictates of the market
This publication puts forward a comprehensive approach which presents an alternative as part of the agenda for ‘better regulation'."