Documents mutagenic effects 19 results

"Cet article présente les données d'exposition, issues de la base COLCHIC, aux composés organiques volatils (COV) les plus fréquemment mesurés entre 2003 et 2010 et faisant l'objet d'une valeur limite d'exposition professionnelle (VLEP).Les neuf agents cancérogènes, mutagènes, reprotoxiques (CMR) avérés ou suspectés selon la classification européenne ou le Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (CIRC) les plus couramment mesurés sont tout d'abord identifiés : le toluène, le styrène, le formaldéhyde, l'éthylbenzène, le dichlorométhane, le n-hexane, le tétrachloroéthylène, le trichloroéthylène et le benzène.Dans un second temps, dix autres COV faisant l'objet d'une VLEP sans être classés CMR sont identifiés selon un découpage des données par scénarios d'exposition, afin de mettre en exergue les spécificités de différents contextes professionnels français - secteur d'activité, métier ou tâche.Dans les deux cas, les indicateurs de l'exposition présentés sont les descripteurs statistiques courants, complétés par l'indice d'exposition et la tendance au fil des huit années d'étude (2003-2010)."

"Objectives Male-mediated spontaneous abortion has never been documented for humans. The welding of stainless steel is associated with the pulmonary absorption of hexavalent chromium, which has genotoxic effects on germ cells in rodents. Clinical and early subclinical spontaneous abortions were examined among spouses of stainless-steel welders.Methods A cohort of first-pregnancy planners was recruited from members of the union of metal workers and 3 other trade unions. The cohort was followed for 6 menstrual cycles from the cessation of contraceptive use. Altogether, 280 pregnancies were conceived, of which 35 were detected by human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone analysis and did not survive to a clinically recognized pregnancy. Information on exposure was collected prospectively in relation to the outcome and was available for all cycles resulting in a pregnancy. Information on pregnancy outcome was collected for all 245 clinically recognized pregnancies.Results Increased risk of spontaneous abortion was found for pregnancies with exposure to paternal stainless-steel welding (adjusted relative risk 3.5, 95% confidence interval 1.3-9.1). The results were consistent in analyses of both biochemically and clinically recognized abortions. There was no increased risk for spontaneous abortion in pregnancies with paternal exposure to the welding of metals other than stainless steel.Conclusion Male welding of stainless steel was associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in spouses. A mutagenic effect of hexavalent chromium has been found previously in both somatic and germ cells, and the findings could be due to mutations in the male genome."

"OBJECTIVES: To evaluate genetic damage as the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei in lymphocytes of peripheral blood of operating room personnel exposed to waste anaesthetic gases. METHODS: Occupational exposure was measured with a direct reading instrument. Venous blood samples were drawn from 10 non-smokers working in the operating room and 10 non-smoking controls (matched by age, sex, and smoking habits). Lymphocytes were cultured separately over 72 hours for each assay with standard protocols. At the end of the culture time, the cells were harvested, stained, and coded for blind scoring. The exchanges of DNA material were evaluated by counting the number of sister chromatid exchanges in 30 metaphases per probe or by counting the frequency of micronuclei in 2000 binucleated cells. Also, the mitotic and proliferative indices were measured. RESULTS: The operating room personnel at the hospital were exposed to an 8 hour time weighted average of 12.8 ppm nitrous oxide and 5.3 ppm isoflurane. The mean (SD) frequency of sister chromatid exchanges was significantly higher (10.2 (1.9) v 7.4 (2.4)) in exposed workers than controls (p = 0.036) the proportion of micronuclei (micronuclei/500 binucleated cells) was also higher (8.7 (2.9) v 6.8 (2.5)), but was not significant (p = 0.10). CONCLUSION: Exposure even to trace concentrations of waste anaesthetic gases may cause dose-dependent genetic damage. Concerning the micronuclei test, no clastogenic potential could be detected after average chronic exposure to waste anaesthetic gas. However, an increased frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes could be detected. Although the measured differences were low, they were comparable with smoking 11-20 cigarettes a day. Due to these findings, the increased proportion of micronuclei and rates of sister chromatid exchanges may be relevant long term and need further investigation."

"During recent years in Western countries, diisocyanates are one of the main causes of occupational asthma. The mechanism of diisocyanate‐induced asthma is still unknown but recent evidence suggests immunological mechanisms, including cell‐mediated immune responses. Immune responses to isocyanates may result in different illnesses, cell‐ and/or antibody‐mediated entities. In addition, irritative, toxic, and mutagenic effects may occur. This review summarizes current knowledge of the pathomechanisms, including immuological and nonimmunological (mutagenic and genotoxic) aspects of isocyanate disorders."

"... In this special supplement of the Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, readers will be able to explore the scientific presentations, follow the stimulating discussion periods, and, ultimately, derive a comprehensive picture of what scientists then believed was the knowledge base and the future needs for answering the important questions being asked in relation to the potential for cancer developing as a result of direct or indirect exposure to pesticides. Along the way, of course, many new questions were raised; this was only to be expected, given the open sharing of information and ideas that occurred. Since several ongoing research projects were presented at the symposium, including the largest studies ever conducted, the meeting also served to stimulate a desire for the attendees and others to keep in touch with future progress. As such, the results of this symposium will serve as a record or “bookmark” of information on agricultural exposures and cancer as it was available and understood in the autumn of 2002. ..."
(Extract from the preface)