Documents pancreas cancer 7 results

Epidemiologic studies investigating the cancer risk associated with using metalworking fluids (MWFs) were reviewed. Results of a comprehensive, systemic survey of the epidemiologic evidence for occupational use of MWFs being associated with cancer of the skin and scrotum, larynx, rectum, pancreas, and bladder by NIOSH and which were included in a NIOSH criteria document for MWFs were presented. Specific studies covered included retrospective cohort mortality and cancer incidence studies of MWF exposed cohorts and associated nested case/control studies, proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) studies, and population based (PB) studies. A case/control study and a cancer incidence study and several case reports suggested MWFs, primarily straight oil MWFs, were associated with increased risk of skin and scrotal cancer. None of three PMR studies found an increased risk for skin and scrotal cancer. A number of cohort, PMR, and PB studies found increased risks for laryngeal and rectal cancer, especially for exposure to straight oil MWFs. Several cohort and PMR studies found increased risks for pancreatic cancer among MWF exposed workers. The strongest evidence was for grinding with synthetic MWFs and machining with straight oil MWFS. Some studies were inconsistent; for example, excess cancer risk was found in black, but not white, workers. One of six PMR studies and several PB case control studies found significant excess risks for bladder cancer after controlling for smoking. Neither of two cohort cancers found an elevated bladder cancer risk; however, both were based on small numbers. The route of MWF exposure was generally through dermal contact or inhalation; however, because of the large sizes of many airborne MWF droplets, gastrointestinal exposure may also have occurred. The authors conclude that increased risks for larynx, rectal, pancreatic, skin and scrotal, and bladder cancer were associated with the use of some types of MWFs. Because of the long latency period for solid organ tumors, the MWF exposures probably occurred before the mid 1970s. The risk of cancer from MWF exposures since the mid 1970s is undetermined because a definitive study of workers entering jobs with MWF exposure during this time period has not yet been performed.

"This review summarizes data on the occurrence, the trends, and the life-style, environmental, occupational and genetic determinants of pancreatic cancer. Epidemiologic evidence implicates tobacco smoking as one cause. The evidence regarding alcohol consumption is inconsistent. Although both positive and inconclusive findings are encountered, the bulk of the evidence on coffee consumption is negative. Fat intake is linked with obesity and diabetes mellitus, which are risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Fruit and vegetable consumption appears to be protective. No occupational or environmental agent has been confirmed to increase the risk, but epidemiologic evidence is inconsistent, Little is known about the role of genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes in pancreas carcinogenesis. Pancreatic cancer shows high rates of mutations of Ki-ras and losses or mutations of tumor suppressor genes (p53, p16INK4A, and SMAD4/DPC-4). Ki-ras mutations have been associated with life-style factors in relation to pancreatic cancer, but the evidence is still scant and inconsistent."

"Data from the Hanford plant, where many workers have been employed in jobs involving some exposure to radiation, are analyzed. Mortality from all causes, all cancers, and specific cancer types is related to personnel and exposure data for the population at risk. Results are compared with those of other investigators who have analyzed these data. The mortality of Hanford workers is first compared with that of the United States population and then related to radiation exposure without refer-ence to an outside population. The first analysis shows a substantial "healthy worker effect" and no significantly high standardized mortality ratios for specific disease categories. A test for association of mortality with levels of radiation exposure reveals no correlation for all causes and all cancer. A statistically significant test for trend is obtained for multiple myeloma and cancer of the pancreas but no evidence of a positive correlation is found for 13 other cancer sites including those more typically associated with radiation exposure such as myeloid leukemia and lung cancer. The possibility of other occupational exposures and the lack of reliability with respect to diagnosis of cancer of the pancreas must be considered in interpreting these results. The identified correlations result from a small number of deaths with exposures greater than 15 rem. The lack of correlation for all cancers and for leukemia is by no means inconsistent with current estimates of such effects given the amount of radiation exposure that has been received."

"Objective
To investigate the carcinogenicity of styrene by reanalysing data from a previous international cohort study of workers in the reinforced plastics industry.
Methods
Mortality from cancers of prior interest was analysed with more detailed consideration of exposure–response relations and an updated classification of leukaemias and lymphomas in data from a previous international cohort study of 37 021 reinforced plastics workers exposed to airborne styrene.
Results
Increased mortality from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was associated with the mean level of exposure to styrene in air (relative risk (RR) 2.31, 95% CI 1.29 to 4.12 per 100 ppm), but not with cumulative styrene exposure. Similar associations with mean exposure were observed for the oesophagus (RR 2.44, 95% CI 1.11 to 5.36 per 100 ppm) and pancreas (RR 1.89, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.09). Oesophageal cancer mortality was also associated with cumulative styrene exposure lagged 20 years (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.31). No other cancer, including lung cancer, was associated with any indicator of styrene exposure.
Conclusion
This reanalysis does not substantially change the conclusions of the original study with respect to NHL or lung cancer but new evidence concerning cancers of the oesophagus and pancreas merits further investigation."

"The cross-sectional study published in the International Journal of Surgery by Li et al. piqued our interest because it demonstrated that smoking, high body mass index, and high fasting plasma glucose all increased the risk of early-onset pancreatic cancer (PC). Their results are a foundation for informing public health and prevention strategies about PC. Environmental factors constitute a significant etiology of cancer. For instance, occupational exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) is a risk factor for lung cancer. ..."