Documents occupation disease relation 358 results

"Background:
Disinfectants and cleaning products (DCPs) are important asthma risk factors among healthcare workers. However, healthcare work involves heterogenous cleaning tasks and co-exposure to many chemicals. These multidimensional aspects have rarely been considered. We aimed to identify patterns of occupational exposure to DCPs and study their associations with asthma.
Methods:
CONSTANCES is a French population-based cohort of ≈220,000 adults. Current asthma and asthma symptom score were defined by questionnaire at inclusion (2012-2021). Healthcare workers completed a supplementary questionnaire on their current/last held occupation, workplace, and cleaning activities that were used in unsupervised learning algorithms to identify occupational exposure patterns. Logistic and negative binomial regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to assess associations with asthma outcomes.
Results:
In 5512 healthcare workers, four occupational exposure clusters were identified: Cluster1 (C1, 42%, reference), mainly characterized by low exposed nurses and physicians; C2 (7%), medical laboratory staff moderately exposed to common DCPs (chlorine/bleach, alcohol); C3 (41%), nursing assistants and nurses highly exposed to a few DCPs (mainly quaternary ammonium compounds); and C4 (10%), nurses and nursing assistants highly exposed to multiple DCPs (e.g., glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and acids). Among women (n = 3734), C2 (mean score ratio [95% CI]: 1.31 [1.02; 1.68]) and C3 (1.18 [1.03; 1.36]) were associated with higher asthma symptom score, and an association was suggested between C3 and current asthma (odds ratio 1.22 [0.99; 1.51]).
Conclusion:
In a large population of healthcare workers, four DCP exposure patterns were identified, reflecting the heterogeneity of healthcare jobs. Two patterns, including one characterized by laboratory workers, were associated with greater asthma symptoms in women."

Open Access

"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified at the end of December 2019 in China as the cause of an outbreak of cases of ‘atypical viral pneumonia', Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The first case of COVID-19 documented in the UK was on 31 January 2020. The UK experienced a first wave of infection between March and July 2020 with a second beginning in late August 2020. Over 75,000 deaths from COVID-19 had occurred by the end of December 2020. Knowledge of many aspects of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, including detection, transmission, diagnosis, treatment and disease progression, has gradually accumulated during 2020. The Industrial Injuries Advisory Council (IIAC), therefore considered it timely and necessary to review the evidence for the relationship between occupation and COVID-19 during 2020 whilst acknowledging that, as yet, there may not be sufficient good quality information to make definitive recommendations. ..."

"Background
Against the backdrop of the debate on extending working life, it is important to identify vulnerable occupational groups by analysing inequalities in healthy life years. The aim of the study is to analyse partial life expectancy (age 30–65) [1] free of musculoskeletal diseases (MSD) and [2] free of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in occupational groups with different levels of physical and psychosocial exposures.
Methods
The study is based on German health insurance claims data from 2015 to 2018. The study population comprises all employed insured persons aged 18 to 65 years (N = 1,528,523). Occupational exposures were assessed using a Job Exposure Matrix. Life years free of MSD / CVD and life years with MSD /CVD during working age were estimated using multistate life tables.
Results
We found inequalities in MSD-free and CVD-free life years, with less disease-free years among men and women having jobs with high levels of physical and psychosocial exposures. Men with low physical exposures had 2.4 more MSD-free and 0.7 more CVD-free years than men with high physical exposures. Women with low psychosocial exposures had 1.7 MSD-free and 1.0 CVD-free years more than women with high psychosocial exposures.
Conclusions
Employees in occupations with high physical and psychosocial demands constitute vulnerable groups for reduced life expectancy free of MSD and CVD. Given the inequalities and high numbers of disease-affected life years during working age, the prevention potential of occupational health care and workplace health promotion should be used more extensively."

"La part des facteurs professionnels dans l'estimation du risque de cancer du sein, même si elle est limitée par rapport aux autres facteurs de risque bien identifiés (génétiques, familiaux, hormonaux, obésité, consommation d'alcool, sédentarité…), fait l'objet d'une attention croissante. Parmi les facteurs professionnels qui concernent les soignants, il faut citer les rayonnements ionisants qui sont classés comme cancérogènes pour le cancer du sein, mais pour des doses habituellement fortes ; ceux-ci sont plus souvent incriminés lors d'une exposition accidentelle que lors d'un usage professionnel contrôlé à faible dose. D'autres facteurs, notamment chimiques en particulier l'oxyde d'éthylène, sont mis en cause chez les personnels ayant inhalé ce gaz, par exemple, dans le secteur de la stérilisation de matériel médical."

"Background
Worldwide, lung cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. The present study explored associations between occupational exposures that are prevalent among women, and lung cancer.
Methods
Data from 10 case–control studies of lung cancer from Europe, Canada, and New Zealand conducted between 1988 and 2008 were combined. Lifetime occupational history and information on nonoccupational factors including smoking were available for 3040 incident lung cancer cases and 4187 controls. We linked each reported job to the Canadian Job-Exposure Matrix (CANJEM), which provided estimates of probability, intensity, and frequency of exposure to each selected agent in each job. For this analysis, we selected 15 agents (cleaning agents, biocides, cotton dust, synthetic fibers, formaldehyde, cooking fumes, organic solvents, cellulose, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum, ammonia, metallic dust, alkanes C18+, iron compounds, isopropanol, and calcium carbonate) that had lifetime exposure prevalence of at least 5% in the combined study population. For each agent, we estimated lung cancer risk in each study center for ever-exposure, by duration of exposure, and by cumulative exposure, using separate logistic regression models adjusted for smoking and other covariates. We then estimated the meta-odds ratios using random-effects meta-analysis.
Results and Conclusions
None of the agents assessed showed consistent and compelling associations with lung cancer among women. The following agents showed elevated odds ratio in some analyses: metallic dust, iron compounds, isopropanol, and organic solvents. Future research into occupational lung cancer risk factors among women should prioritize these agents."

"Background
Our aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of cohort studies on risk of genitourinary (GU) cancers in workers exposed to welding fumes (WF).
Methods
We performed a systematic review of studies published on Pubmed, Scopus and Embase following PRISMA criteria. Two researchers selected cohort studies on WF exposure. From 2582 articles, 7 non-overlapping studies were included. Quality of studies was scored according to CASP. We run a random effects meta-analysis to calculate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of GU cancer, overall and stratified by cancer, country, and quality score.
Results
We included seven studies reporting results on GU cancers, including prostate, bladder and kidney cancer (PC, BC, and KC). The RR was 1.19 (95% CI = 1.07–1.32, 16 risk estimates) for GU cancer; 1.13 (95% CI = 0.90–1.42, 4 risk estimates) for PC; 1.26 (95% CI = 0.98–1.60, 7 risk estimates) for BC and 1.28 (95% CI = 1.12–1.47, 5 risk estimates) for KC. Heterogeneity was present in all meta-analyses (p < 0.001). The increased risk was more pronounced in North American than in European studies (respectively, OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.18–1.55; OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01–1.27 p heterogeneity = 0.03). There was no heterogeneity according to quality score (p = 0.4). Data were insufficient to investigate associations by industry or welding type. Publication bias for each cancer was excluded.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggests increased risk of KC and BC, but not of PC, in workers exposed to WF. Confounding by other occupational and non-occupational risk factors could not be excluded. Data were not adequate to address the risk of specific exposure circumstances."

"Occupational cancers (OC) are the result of exposure to carcinogenic agents at the workplace. The most frequent types of OC are lung cancer, mesothelioma, bladder cancer, and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) (1, 2). More than 40 years ago, Doll and Peto (3) estimated, with a relatively large degree of uncertainty, that ~4% of all cancer cases were attributable to occupational exposures. Although job characteristics and occupational exposures have changed considerably during the past four decades, this estimation is still widely accepted with the caveat that updated estimates are urgently needed. Nevertheless, only a fraction of OCs are recognized and recorded in most countries. With the possible exception of mesothelioma, all the other OCs are largely under-reported as occupational diseases to the national health authorities. Indeed, many countries, especially developing countries, where exposures to occupational carcinogens may be higher, have not yet established cancer registries that collect data on occupational history. An additional challenge of discovering occupational etiology relates to the fact that cancer is a disease with a long preclinical phase and many OCs are diagnosed after retirement. Hence, this Research Topic aimed to deepen and widen knowledge on OC, in order to raise awareness among all interested stakeholders, including workers, occupational health and safety (OHS) professionals, and policymakers, with the overall goal of preventing these occupational diseases."

"Working life is associated with lifestyle, screening uptake, and occupational health risks that may explain differences in cancer onset. To better understand the association between working life and cancer risk, we need to account for the entire employment history.We investigated whether lifetime employment trajectories are associated with cancer risk. We used data from 6809 women and 5716 men, average age 70 years, from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. Employment history from age 16 to 65 was collected retrospectively using a life calendar and trajectories were constructed using sequence analysis. Associations between employment trajectories and self-reported cancer were assessed using logistic regression. We identified eight employment trajectories for women and two for men. Among women, the risk of cancer was higher in the trajectories “Mainly full-time to home/family”, “Full-time or home/family to part-time”, “Mainly full-time”, and “Other” compared with the “Mainly home/family” trajectory. Among men, the risk of cancer was lower in the “Mainly self-employment” trajectory compared with “Mainly full-time”. We could show how employment trajectories were associated with cancer risk, underlining the potential of sequence analysis for life course epidemiology. More research is needed to understand these associations and determine if causal relationships exist."

"Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer in the world. It is also the most common lethal work-related cancer. After tobacco smoking, occupational exposures present the most frequent specific cause of lung cancer that is amenable to intervention.
Early detection and treatment can identify and cure primary lung cancer. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening among persons at high risk of lung cancer. Guidelines for determining eligibility for LDCT screening have been established for the general population but have largely neglected those for whom occupational exposure to lung carcinogens is a risk factor. ..."

"Esophageal cancer (EC), which includes squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC), is an important cancer with poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Several occupational exposures have been associated with EC. We aim to investigate the association between occupational asbestos exposure and EC risk, considering types of asbestos and histology of the disease. We included studies mentioned in the list of references in previous reviews and pooled analyses, and we conducted an independent search in PubMed and Scopus. Forest plots of relative risks (RR) were constructed based on the association between occupational asbestos and EC risk. Random-effects models were used to address heterogeneity between 48 independent cohort and case-control studies. We found an association between occupational asbestos exposure and EC (meta-relative risk [RR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-1.32; I2 = 58.8%, p-heterogeneity [het] <.001). The results of stratification by job (p-het = .20) indicate an increased RR among asbestos product workers (RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.07-1.81), asbestos applicators (RR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.20-1.67), and construction workers (RR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02-1.24). There was no heterogeneity in meta-RR according to outcome (p = .29), geographic region (p = .69), year of publication (p = .59), quality score (p = .73), asbestos type (p = .93), study design (p = .87), and gender (p = .88), control for potential confounders (p = .20), year of first employment (p = .94) and exposure level (p = .43). The stratification analysis by histology type found an increased RR for both ESCC 1.33(1.03-1.71) and EAC 1.45(1.03-2.04) (p-het = .68). We didn't find evidence of publication bias (p = .07). The results of our study suggest that occupational asbestos exposure is associated with an increased risk of EC in both histology types."