Documents liver cancer 11 results

"A meta-analysis was made of studies addressing occupational exposure to vinyl chloride in relation to cancer mortality.With SMR values ranging from 1.63 to 57.1, all six studies for which these ratios could be obtained suggested an increased risk of liver cancer. For four of these studies, excesses persisted when known cases of angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL) were excluded. The meta-SMR for liver cancers other than ASL (based on the 2 large cohorts) was 1.35 (95% CI 1.04-1.77). The meta-SMR for lung cancer was 0.90 (95% CI 0.77-1.00, based on 5 studies), although higher SMR values were reported in early studies. The meta-SMR for brain cancer, based on 5 studies, was 1.26 (95% CI 0.98-1.62). For soft tissue sarcomas, the meta-SMR based on 4 studies was 2.52 (95% CI 1.56-4.07). The meta-SMR for lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms in the 2 large studies was 0.90 (95% CI 0.75-1.01), although 3 of the smaller studies reported significant excesses. Apart from the known risk of ASL, workers exposed to vinyl chloride may experience an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and soft-tissue sarcoma; however, these results may have been influenced by the underdiagnosis of true ASL. Increased mortality from lung and brain cancers and from lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms cannot be excluded; mortality from other neoplasms does not appear to be increased."

A cohort study was conducted in 51 mills from 21 corporations selected to represent the current distribution of types of pulping operations in the United States in an effort to determine whether workers in the pulp and paper industry had a different mortality than the general population. The cohort consisted of 63,025 long term workers with 10 or more years of employment. Overall mortality and all cancer mortality rates were significantly lower in this population than the United States rates. For each of the specific causes of death, mortality rates were close to or below those expected based on the United States population, with the exception of testicular and kidney cancers and lymphosarcoma and benign neoplasms. Workers in the New England mills appeared to have a higher all cause mortality than other areas of the country. Mills in that region tended to be older and had multiple types of pulping operations in the past. The workers were also older. The determination of risks was also examined from the point of view of the pulping processes used. Workers seemed to have different risks depending on the type of pulping process, after adjusting for age, or age and calendar time. The findings suggest an association between all cause mortality, heart disease, all cancers, brain cancer, and lymphoma and work in mills using other chemical pulping. The relative risks were also elevated for kraft pulping workers as well, but not significantly. Lung cancer risk was associated with working kraft mills.

The association between occupational exposure to chemical agents and primary liver cancer (PLC) was examined among the employees of Denmark. Totals of 973 PLC cases and 15,348 controls were obtained from a national Supplementary Pension Fund. Information from the Supplementary Pension Fund was linked to that of the Danish Cancer registry. The study population consisted of 65% men and 35% women. The risk of PLC was decreased significantly among the men of the agricultural industry. Odds ratios (ORs) of 3.01 and 5.41 were calculated for men employed in the sanitary services and auto repair shops, respectively, for at least 10 years prior to diagnosis. For the food and drink industry, an OR of 1.76 was determined for the risk of PLC. More specifically, workers in oil mills and breweries had about a fourfold excess of PLC, while workers in alcohol manufacturing had a sevenfold excess of PLC. For the paper and graphics industry, an OR of 1.82 was determined for the risk of PLC. The risk of PLC was sixfold higher among the employees in the paper and cardboard and bookbinding industries. The risk of PLC was also elevated among glass workers and metal manufacturers. In the wholesale and retail trades, the risk of PLC was twofold to threefold higher among those workers who sold chemicals, wood, lumber, building materials, and meats. A threefold risk of PLC was observed among the employees of restaurants, cafeterias, hotels and motels. Elevated ORs were also calculated for the workers of the transportation, warehouse, and storage industries. Among women, ORs of 11.9 and 12.5 were calculated for workers in the printing and offset printing industries, respectively. The authors conclude that the risk of PLC is elevated in numerous occupations, especially those of the printing and alcohol related industries.

"Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate cancer risk among Norwegian workers in the printing industry, particularly lung and bladder cancer.Methods Cancer incidence was investigated from 1953 through 1998 in a cohort of 10 549 male members of a trade union in the printing industry in Oslo and nearby areas. Rates from the region, were used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIR) separately for the skilled and unskilled workers. Smoking data from a sample of the cohort were utilized for evaluating the risk estimates of smoking-related cancers. Specific exposure data were not available.Results Among the skilled workers, significantly elevated risks of cancer of the urinary bladder [standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 1.47, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.19–1.79], liver (SIR 1.92, 95% CI 1.15–2.99), pancreas (SIR 1.46, 95% CI 1.07–1.94) and colon (SIR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05–1.55) were observed, whereas an increased risk of lung cancer in this group was confined to those born before 1910. Among the unskilled workers, there were significantly increased risks of cancer of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, larynx, lung, and all sites.Conclusions The study showed that workers in the printing industry were at increased risk of several types of cancer. In particular the increased risk of bladder cancer among the skilled workers is suggestive of an occupational cause. However, no specific agent could be identified as an occupational carcinogen. The results did not support the hypothesis of a generally increased risk of lung cancer. The risk pattern for unskilled workers may reflect confounding by nonoccupational factors."

"Based on toxicology, metabolism, animal studies, and human studies, occupational exposure to chlorinated aliphatic solvents (methanes, ethanes, and ethenes) has been associated with numerous adverse health effects, including central nervous system, reproductive, liver, and kidney toxicity, and carcinogenicity. However, many of these solvents remain in active, large-volume use. This article reviews the recent occupational epidemiology literature on the most widely used solvents, methylene chloride, chloroform, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene, and discusses other chlorinated aliphatics. The impact of studies to date has been lessened because of small study size, inability to control for confounding factors, particularly smoking and mixed occupational exposures, and the lack of evidence for a solid pathway from occupational exposure to biological evidence of exposure, to precursors of health effects, and to health effects. International differences in exposure limits may provide a "natural experiment" in the coming years if countries that have lowered exposure limits subsequently experience decreased adverse health effects among exposed workers. Such decreases could provide some evidence that higher levels of adverse health effects were associated with higher levels of solvent exposure. The definitive studies, which should be prospective biomarker studies incorporating body "

"Objective
There is limited epidemiological evidence of carcinogenicity on exposure of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). This study aimed to identify the possible association between cancer mortality and DMF exposure.
Methods A cohort of 11 953 workers exposed to DMF between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2004 was studied. A urinary metabolite of DMF, N-methylformamide level (UNMFL), was used for exposure assessment. This cohort was matched with the mortality data of the Korean National Statistical Office and followed up for cancer mortality between 2000 and 2011. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) of the DMF-exposed workers with reference to Korean men were calculated. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRadj; also controlling for age, other carcinogen exposure including hepatitis B and C) were calculated for the workers categorized in three exposure groups with reference to workers with no exposure.
Results The HRadj of overall cancer mortality were significantly increased in workers with 7.5-<15 mg/L [HRadj 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-6.81] and ≥15 mg/L (HRadj 2.41, 95% CI 1.03-5.66) compared with non-exposed workers. Hepatocellular carcinoma mortality (HRadj 3.73, 95% CI 1.05-13.24) of workers with ≥15 mg/L and lung cancer mortality (HRadj 14.36, 95% CI 1.41-146.86) in workers with 7.5-<15 mg/L were significantly increased.
Conclusions Workers with high DMF exposure showed increased mortalities for overall, liver, and lung cancer. Our results suggest that DMF causes cancer, especially hepatocellular carcinoma, which is in agreement with earlier studies on liver cancer in animal experiments."