Documents laryngeal cancer 10 results

"Objectives The aim of this study was to measure the extent to which the association between socioeconomic status and laryngeal cancer among males is mediated by smoking, alcohol consumption, and occupational exposure.Methods We used Karlson et al's decomposition method for logit models, which returns the percentage of change in odds ratios (OR) due to confounding. This population-based, case–control study on laryngeal cancer was conducted in Germany in 1998–2000 and included 208 male cases and 702 controls. Information on occupational history, smoking, alcohol consumption, and education was collected through face-to-face interviews. Jobs coded according to ISCO-68 were linked to a recently developed job-classification index covering physical and psychosocial dimensions. A sub-index focused on jobs involving potentially carcinogenic agents (CAI) for the upper-aero digestive tract. Results When adjusted for smoking and alcohol consumption, higher OR were found for lower education. This OR decreased after further adjustment using the overall job index [2.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.4–6.2], similar to the OR using the sub-index CAI (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3–5.8). Applying the Karlson et al method, 25.4% (95% CI 22.6–28.2%) of the reduction in these OR was due to occupational exposure (CAI), while smoking and alcohol consumption contributed to around 26.1% (95% CI 23.2–28.9%) and 2.7% (95% CI 1.7–3.8%), respectively. Conclusions Occupational aspects, in particular the exposure to carcinogenic agents, explain a large portion of the association between low educational level and laryngeal cancer risk among males. Occupational effects are now easier to quantify using this recently developed and easily applicable index."

Epidemiologic studies investigating the cancer risk associated with using metalworking fluids (MWFs) were reviewed. Results of a comprehensive, systemic survey of the epidemiologic evidence for occupational use of MWFs being associated with cancer of the skin and scrotum, larynx, rectum, pancreas, and bladder by NIOSH and which were included in a NIOSH criteria document for MWFs were presented. Specific studies covered included retrospective cohort mortality and cancer incidence studies of MWF exposed cohorts and associated nested case/control studies, proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) studies, and population based (PB) studies. A case/control study and a cancer incidence study and several case reports suggested MWFs, primarily straight oil MWFs, were associated with increased risk of skin and scrotal cancer. None of three PMR studies found an increased risk for skin and scrotal cancer. A number of cohort, PMR, and PB studies found increased risks for laryngeal and rectal cancer, especially for exposure to straight oil MWFs. Several cohort and PMR studies found increased risks for pancreatic cancer among MWF exposed workers. The strongest evidence was for grinding with synthetic MWFs and machining with straight oil MWFS. Some studies were inconsistent; for example, excess cancer risk was found in black, but not white, workers. One of six PMR studies and several PB case control studies found significant excess risks for bladder cancer after controlling for smoking. Neither of two cohort cancers found an elevated bladder cancer risk; however, both were based on small numbers. The route of MWF exposure was generally through dermal contact or inhalation; however, because of the large sizes of many airborne MWF droplets, gastrointestinal exposure may also have occurred. The authors conclude that increased risks for larynx, rectal, pancreatic, skin and scrotal, and bladder cancer were associated with the use of some types of MWFs. Because of the long latency period for solid organ tumors, the MWF exposures probably occurred before the mid 1970s. The risk of cancer from MWF exposures since the mid 1970s is undetermined because a definitive study of workers entering jobs with MWF exposure during this time period has not yet been performed.

"The data from a case-control study performed in France between 1989 and 1991 were used to test whether exposure to either asbestos or to man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) is a risk factor for cancer of the larynx or the hypopharynx.This study involved 315 incident cases of laryngeal cancer, 206 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer, and 305 hospital-based controls with other types of cancer, all recruited in 15 hospitals in six French cities. The subjects' past occupational exposure to asbestos and to four types of MMVF (mineral wool, refractory ceramic fibers, glass filaments, and microfibers) was evaluated based on their job history, with the aid of a job-exposure matrix. Odds ratios were calculated with unconditional logistic regression, with adjustment for smoking and drinking levels.These results suggest that asbestos exposure increases the risk of epilaryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. It is difficult to reach a conclusion about the effects of mineral wools, because nearly all the exposed subjects were also exposed to asbestos. The possible effects of other MMVF were difficult to assess in this study, because of the paucity of exposed subjects."

"To ascertain whether certain occupations are associated with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer. METHODS: A hospital based case- control study was carried out in 15 hospitals in France. It included 528 male cases diagnosed between January 1989 and April 1991, and 305 male controls with various other types of cancer. Interviews were carried out to obtain lifetime job histories and information on potential confounders. Logistic regression was used to compute the odds ratios (OR) for each of about 80 occupations and industries. RESULTS: There was an excess risk of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer among service workers (OR 2.2, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3 to 3.9), agricultural and animal husbandry workers (OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.8), miners and quarrymen (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9 to 4.3), plumbers and pipe fitters (OR 2.6, 95% CI 0.8 to 8.1), glass formers and potters (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 18) transport equipment operators (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.5), and unskilled workers (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.9). Analysis by industrial branch showed an excess risk for coal mining (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.1), manufacture of metal products (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.3), and administration and sanitary services (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that occupational exposure might have a role in generating laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, and indicate the need for further evaluation of these findings, an for the identification of the carcinogens which might account for the excess risks found for certain occupations."

"Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the evidence relating asbestos exposure to the risk of laryngeal cancer. Method: All identified studies of asbestos workers providing data on laryngeal disease were reviewed, together with studies of laryngeal cancers giving epidemiological or experimental evidence of associated exposures. Results: Confounding due to smoking and alcohol intake, and to a lesser extent diet and socio-economic factors, creates a major difficulty over the identification of any asbestos or other occupational effect. Not only are smoking and alcohol independently associated with large increases in relative risk (RR) of laryngeal cancer, but also have a synergistic effect with each other. Few of the studies provide details of either habit. Among 24 prospective studies for which a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was available, nine had an SMR at or below unity, and among a further 11 without an SMR for comparison, in only one was there a clear excess risk. In 17 retrospective studies, only two showed a significantly increased RR. Evidence from animal experiments, studies of associations with pleural plaques, and autopsy findings also appear negative or inconclusive. Conclusion: The evidence does not indicate that asbestos exposure increases the RR of laryngeal cancer."

"BackgroundAs several studies have identified asbestos exposure as an independent occupational risk factor for laryngeal cancer, the aim of our study was to confirm this association.MethodsIn a population-based case-control study on laryngeal cancer in South-West Germany occupational exposures and other risk factors were obtained by face-to-face interviews using a detailed standardized questionnaire covering the complete individual working history, supplemented by job-specific questionnaires (JSQ) especially for selected jobs known to entail exposure to asbestos. Detailed exposure information was collected over a wide range of asbestos related jobs and branches and analyzed using different modeling strategies.ResultsSeventy-three (28.4%) cases and 158 (20.5%) controls reported any exposure to asbestos. Elevated risk estimates for asbestos exposure were found. However, those became substantially reduced after adjustment for smoking and alcohol.ConclusionModerately elevated risks for laryngeal cancer after exposure to asbestos were confirmed. Difficulties in the collection of adequate exposure data were demonstrated."

"Occupational exposure to strong-inorganic-acid mists containing sulfuric acid has been recognized as a Group 1 carcinogen since 1992. The greatest effects have been observed for laryngeal cancer, with fewer studies implicating lung cancer. An augmented, secondary data analysis of a population-based case-control study of lung cancer was conducted to assess lung cancer-specific risks. The data set was derived from a previous study of 772 lung-cancer cases, including all new female lung cancer cases diagnosed between 1981 and 1985, and one age- and hospital-matched male lung cancer case per female case during the same period. Individually-matched controls – on age, gender, and borough of residence – were identified. Lifetime exposure to 10 acidic agents including strong inorganic acids and some gases was assessed by experienced occupational hygienists from complete lifetime occupational histories in terms of concentration, frequency and reliability of the various exposure assessments. Smoking-adjusted (log (1 + pack-years/5)) odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were determined for overall and histology-categorized lung cancers using conditional logistic regression. Effect modification by gender was explored with interaction terms for each exposure. No excess risk for overall lung cancer was associated with any of the acids. No effect modification by gender could be identified. This finding of no lung cancer effect in our study population reinforces more recent toxicological data, which suggests specificity of acid effects to the larynx."