Documents brain cancer 22 results

"A meta-analysis was made of studies addressing occupational exposure to vinyl chloride in relation to cancer mortality.With SMR values ranging from 1.63 to 57.1, all six studies for which these ratios could be obtained suggested an increased risk of liver cancer. For four of these studies, excesses persisted when known cases of angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL) were excluded. The meta-SMR for liver cancers other than ASL (based on the 2 large cohorts) was 1.35 (95% CI 1.04-1.77). The meta-SMR for lung cancer was 0.90 (95% CI 0.77-1.00, based on 5 studies), although higher SMR values were reported in early studies. The meta-SMR for brain cancer, based on 5 studies, was 1.26 (95% CI 0.98-1.62). For soft tissue sarcomas, the meta-SMR based on 4 studies was 2.52 (95% CI 1.56-4.07). The meta-SMR for lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms in the 2 large studies was 0.90 (95% CI 0.75-1.01), although 3 of the smaller studies reported significant excesses. Apart from the known risk of ASL, workers exposed to vinyl chloride may experience an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and soft-tissue sarcoma; however, these results may have been influenced by the underdiagnosis of true ASL. Increased mortality from lung and brain cancers and from lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms cannot be excluded; mortality from other neoplasms does not appear to be increased."

"In this retrospective cohort study, the cancer incidence of commercial pilots was studied to determine whether exposure at work has any influence on the incidence of cancer. A group of 3701 male pilots was followed over 70 560 person-years. There were 200 cases of cancer versus 188.8 expected, with a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.06 and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 0.92-1.22. No significant decreased risk was found for any cancer site. Excess risks were found for malignant melanoma (22 cases SIR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.7) and nonmelanoma skin cancer (14 cases, SIR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.0). For malignant melanoma, there was a significant trend for the SIR by cumulative dose.For most cancer sites, the incidence among pilots did not deviate from that of the general population and could not be related to block hours of flight time or dose. It seems more likely that the excess risks of malignant melanoma and skin cancer are explained by factors related to life-style rather than by conditions at work."

Analysis of data from the death certificates of 27,060 brain cancer cases showed that brain cancer risk increased by probability of exposure to lead among white men and women with high-level exposure, with a significant twofold excess among white men with high probability and high level of exposure. Risks were also elevated for African-American men with high-level exposure. Although exposure assessment was based solely on the occupation and industry reported on the death certificate, these results add to other epidemiologic and experimental findings in lending some support to the hypothesis of an association between occupational exposure to lead and brain cancer risk.

"Background The aim was to investigate associations between different measures of socioeconomic position (SEP) and incidence of brain tumours (glioma, meningioma and acoustic neuroma) in a nationwide population-based cohort.Methods We included 4?305?265 individuals born in Sweden during 1911–1961, and residing in Sweden in 1991. Cohort members were followed from 1993 to 2010 for a first primary diagnosis of brain tumour identified from the National Cancer Register. Poisson regression was used to compute incidence rate ratios (IRR) by highest education achieved, family income, occupational group and marital status, with adjustment for age, healthcare region of residence, and time period.Results We identified 5735 brain tumours among men and 7101 among women during the study period. Highly educated men (?3?years university education) had increased risk of glioma (IRR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.37) compared to men with primary education. High income was associated with higher incidence of glioma in men (1.14, 1.01 to 1.27). Women with ?3?years university education had increased risk of glioma (1.23, 1.08 to 1.40) and meningioma (1.16, 1.04 to 1.29) compared to those with primary education. Men and women in intermediate and higher non-manual occupations had increased risk of glioma compared to low manual groups. Compared to those married/cohabiting, being single or previously married/cohabiting was associated with decreased risk of glioma in men. Men in non-manual occupations had ?50% increased risk of acoustic neuroma compared to men in low manual occupations.Conclusions We observed consistent associations between higher SEP and higher risk of glioma. Completeness of cancer registration and detection bias are potential explanations for the findings."

"In order to eludicate any health effects from the use of mobile phones, in particular tumours in the head, much research has already been performed. Currently data is available for up to 13 year mobile phone usage. It shows no clear evidence that using a phone for such a time period results in an increased risk for brain tumours or other tumours in the head. Nothing can be said about any risks associated with longer use: for this we need studies running for a longer time. This is what the Health Council of the Netherlands writes in an advisory report that has been presented to the State Secretary for Infrastructure and the Environment.

Weak and inconsistent evidence

The conclusions in the report result from an elaborate search and evaluation of the evailable epidemiological studies into a possible association between the incidence of certain tumours in the head and exposure to the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile telephones. The strong and weak points of the studies have been analysed and the results have been weighted.

Only for gliomas (malignant brain tumours) weak and inconsistent indications for an association with longterm use of a mobile phone were found. A the same time no increase of this type of brain tumour was observed in the cancer statistics of the Netherlands.

Indications for possible associations with meningiomas (tumours of the meninges), acoustic neuromas (tumours on the acoustic nerve) and parotid gland tumours were even weaker.

Importance of continuation of research

More information will have to be provided by epidemiological studies performed over a longer time period, and by following the cancer statistics for a longer time. For it is possible that the socalled latency time (in this case: the time period between the exposure and the manifestation of the tumour) is (much) longer than 13 years. If that would be the case, studies would show any association after an extended time period only.

"With the fast increase of mobile telecommunication and wireless internet also concern is growing. Can exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields lead to adverse health effects? The Health Council of the Netherlands regularly report on this. In the report published today the council concludes: there is no established association between long-term and frequent use of a mobile telephone and an increased risk for tumours in the brain or head and neck area. But such association can also not be fully excluded. The council therefore recommends to keep exposures as low as reasonably possible and to continue investigating effects"

"Background
Magnetic fields (MF) from AC electricity are a Possible Human Carcinogen, based on limited epidemiologic evidence from exposures far below occupational health limits.
Methods
To help formulate government guidance on occupational MF, the cancer cases prevented and the monetary benefits accruing to society by reducing workplace exposures were determined. Life-table methods produced Disability Adjusted Life Years, which were converted to monetary values.
Results
Adjusted for probabilities of causality, the expected increase in a worker's disability-free life are 0.04 year (2 weeks) from a 1?microtesla (
T) MF reduction in average worklife exposure, which is equivalent to $5,100/worker/
T in year 2010 U.S. dollars (95% confidence interval $1,000–$9,000/worker/
T). Where nine electrosteel workers had 13.8?
T exposures, for example, moving them to ambient MFs would provide $600,000 in benefits to society (uncertainty interval $0–$1,000,000).
Conclusions
When combined with the costs of controls, this analysis provides guidance for precautionary recommendations for managing occupational MF exposures."