Documents irregular migration 29 results

"Numerous studies suggest that illegal immigration in the form of bonded labor is becoming an increasingly important phenomenon. This paper develops a model of optimizing behavior of undocumented immigrants who are employed in the host country as bonded laborers while repaying their debts to human smugglers. The analysis relates the optimal duration of the repayment period and the migrant's consumption path to the stock of debt, the rate of interest charged by the smuggler and the levels of the bonded and free-market wages in the destination country. This provides a framework for examining the effectiveness of immigration controls, internal enforcement measures and deportation policies of the host country in deterring debt-bonded migration."

"The engagement of ‘non-citizens', ‘aliens', and ‘undocumented workers' for work raises a number of delicate employment law and policy issues. This paper considers the attitude of the courts in the United States (US) to the question of the rights of workers who work contrary to immigration laws (illegal workers)1 and will focus on the recent case law in relation to workers' compensation entitlements. In the US the case law on the rights of illegal workers to workers' compensation is unclear and heavily dependent upon local State legislation and judicial attitudes. It has also been heavily influenced by the Supreme Court decision of Hoffman Plastic Compounds v National Labor Relations Board, which dealt with the rights of undocumented workers to make claims for wages consequent upon unfair termination of the employment contract. This paper explores the different judicial and legislative approaches to the rights of illegal workers to workers' compensation, and proposes a possible humanitarian response to the difficult problem of the injured illegal worker."

"This is an open access book. What is the history and current state of play of EU law and policy covering irregularised human mobility? What has been the role and contributions of the 2019-2024 European Commission as regards EU migration policy? This book investigates how migration policies have been problematised at the EU institutional level, in particular by the European Commission. It critically assesses the assumptions lying behind the Commission's political priorities, agendas and policy outputs. Through the concept of irregularity assemblages, the book examines how EU policy professionals and bureaucracies in the relevant Commission services problematise their respective mandates/portfolios; how they interact with each other and even compete; and how they frame certain forms of human mobility as being an ‘irregular migration problem' or not. After retracing key historical developments in the framing of irregularised human mobilities at the EU level, the book identifies six policy approaches in the work and structures of the 2019-2024 European Commission. It finds that a home affairs and criminalisation approach that prioritises a law enforcement understanding of cross-border and intra-EU mobility, and pursuing a Ministry of Interior-like agenda, has prevailed. This approach stands at odds with human dignity and other legitimate public policy approaches, such as those giving priority to employment and social inclusion, non-discrimination, and fundamental rights, where the administrative migration status of the individual is not the entry point. The overriding priority driving EU migration policy has been the expulsion, policing and criminalisation of people framed or categorised as ‘irregular migrants'. The analysis shows how Commission has failed to effectively perform its role as guardian of the Treaties and unequivocally enforce and comply with EU Treaty constitutive values, EU law and Better Regulation commitments in migration policies."

This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

"This paper investigates the role government policies and non-state actors have played in determining irregular migration in both Western Europe and North America. While immigration restriction is admitted to have generated illegality throughout the twentieth century, receiving-oriented regulatory policies have also produced flows of irregular migrants. Though differences in migration regimes should not be minimized, our primary intent is to highlight similarities in the way irregular migration was legally and politically produced in the post-World War II years. By focusing on the management of labor migration at that time, it is possible to understand how both the US and the main European receiving countries secured legal migrants rights at the same time as they created unintended irregularity by entering into international agreements. With a view to analyzing the determinants of labor migrant illegality in a comparative perspective, our paper examines the guestworker programs implemented throughout the Eastern and Western hemispheres in the labor shortage post-war years."

"C'è una linea immaginaria eppure realissima, una ferita non chiusa, un luogo di tutti e di nessuno di cui ognuno, invisibilmente, è parte: è la frontiera che separa e insieme unisce il Nord del mondo, democratico, liberale e civilizzato, e il Sud, povero, morso dalla guerra, arretrato e antidemocratico. È sul margine di questa frontiera che si gioca il Grande gioco del mondo contemporaneo. Leogrande ci porta a bordo delle navi dell'operazione Mare Nostrum e pesca le parole dai fondali marini in cui stanno incastrate e nascoste. Ci porta a conoscere trafficanti e baby-scafisti, insieme alle storie dei sopravvissuti ai naufragi del Mediterraneo al largo di Lampedusa; ricostruisce la storia degli eritrei, popolo tra i popoli forzati alla migrazione da una feroce dittatura, causata anche dal colonialismo italiano; ci racconta l'altra frontiera, quella greca, quella di Alba Dorata e di Patrasso, e poi l'altra ancora, quella dei Balcani; ci introduce in una Libia esplosa e devastata, ci fa entrare dentro i Cie italiani e i loro soprusi, nella violenza della periferia romana e in quella nascosta nelle nostre anime: così si dà parola all'innominabile buco nero in cui ogni giorno sprofondano il diritto comunitario e le nostre coscienze. Quanta sofferenza. Quanto caos. Quanta indifferenza. Da qualche parte nel futuro, i nostri discendenti si chiederanno come abbiamo potuto lasciare che tutto ciò accadesse...'"