Documents men workers 47 results

"We explore the effects of income and, additionally education on the income, self-reported health and survival of men aged sixty-five and over in Great Britain . By so doing, we identify benefits of education which are omitted in the conventional analysis with its focus on labour income excluding employers' pension contributions. We find that income at age sixty-five is significantly influenced by educational attainment and has a significant effect on survival. Even after controlling for circumstances at age sixty-five or when first observed, we identify benefits discounted to age sixty-five of

"La présente étude analyse 74 conditions de travail des femmes et des hommes salariés issus de 88 professions. Elle rend compte de la plus forte exposition des hommes à la pénibilité physique et des femmes aux risques psychosociaux.
Les femmes et les hommes salariés ne sont pas exposés aux mêmes pénibilités et risques dans leur travail. À partir de l'enquête Conditions de travail de 2019, l'examen des expositions professionnelles à l'échelle de groupes de métiers proches en termes de conditions de travail et différenciés selon leur degré de mixité (féminisé, masculinisé ou mixte) rend compte d'inégalités inter- et intra-professionnelles : les hommes sont davantage exposés aux sollicitations physiques que les femmes, qui le sont davantage aux sollicitations psychosociales. Ces différences sont liées aux métiers qu'ils et elles exercent le plus souvent, mais s'observent aussi au sein même des professions.
Ainsi, les hommes sont davantage présents dans les métiers les plus soumis à la pénibilité physique, mais ils y sont aussi plus confrontés que les femmes dans de très nombreux métiers. Les femmes exercent plus souvent des métiers de service, exposant à des contraintes d'organisation du temps de travail, à des exigences émotionnelles et/ou une faible latitude décisionnelle. Mais dans les métiers mixtes et dans les métiers à prédominance féminine ou masculine les plus exposés à tout type de risque, les femmes sont aussi plus confrontées que les hommes aux conflits de valeurs et à un manque d'autonomie et, à durée de travail identique, à un travail intense et à un manque de soutien et de reconnaissance."

"Objectives Rates of disability pension are greatly increased among people with low education. This study examines the extent to which associations between education and disability pensions might be explained by differences in working conditions. Information on individuals at age 13 years was used to assess confounding of associations.Method Two nationally representative samples of men and women born in 1948 and 1953 in Sweden (22 889 participants in total) were linked to information from social insurance records on cause (musculoskeletal, psychiatric, and other) and date (from 1986–2008) of disability pension. Education data were obtained from administrative records. Occupation data were used for measurement of physical strain at work and job control. Data on paternal education, ambition to study, and intellectual performance were collected in school.Results Women were found to have higher rates of disability pension than men, regardless of diagnosis, whereas men had a steeper increase in disability pension by declining educational level. Adjustment of associations for paternal education, ambition to study, and intellectual performance at age 13 had a considerable attenuating effect, also when disability pension with a musculoskeletal diagnosis was the outcome. Despite this, high physical strain at work and low job control both contributed to explain the associations between low education and disability pensions in multivariable models.Conclusion Working conditions seem to partly explain the increased rate of disability pension among men and women with lower education even though this association does reflect considerable selection effects based on factors already present in late childhood."

"Objective:The aim of this study was to estimate the benchmark doses (BMD) and their 95% lower confidence limits (BMDL) for the threshold number of years of alternating shift work associated with a relative increase in serum total cholesterol level (T-Cho), as an index of lipid metabolism.Methods: We conducted a 14-year prospective cohort study among male workers (N=6886) at a Japanese steel company who had received annual health check-ups between 1991 and 2005. The endpoints were either a 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 or 45% increase in T-Cho levels during the observation period, compared to T-Cho at baseline. We investigated the associations between the years of alternating shift work and the relative increases in T-Cho using pooled logistic regression, adjusted for other potential covariates. Results: We estimated the BMDL and BMD for years of alternating shift work among 40-, 50-, or >50-year old subjects using benchmark responses (BMR) of 5 or 10% and parameters for the duration of alternating shift work and other covariates. Assuming a mean age of 44 years among workers in their 40s, the BMDL/BMD for years of alternating shift work with a BMR of 5% were 21.0/28.0 (=20%), 21.3/26.1 (=25%), 24.1/28.8 (=30%), 25.6/29.8 (=35%), 27.1/31.5 (=40%), and 27.7/32.1 (=45%).Conclusions:The threshold number of years of alternating shift work that caused a 5% increase in T-Cho was shown to be =21 years among middle-aged workers. Special attention should be paid to influence the process at an earlier stage and not when the risk has already materialized."

"Individual data from eight waves of the European Community Household Panel are used to investigate the impact of cohort size on age-earnings and employment profiles of Italian male workers. Evidence that over the life cycle cohort size depresses employment opportunities of men with low education and earnings and employment rates of men with intermediate and high qualifications born into large cohorts is found. These results are used to carry out a simple simulation where the average future wages of Italian male workers are projected for the next 4.5 decades. According to this simulation, the wages of Italian male workers will follow a hump-shaped pattern in the next three decades, before slightly increasing again."

"This paper provides a structural estimation of an equilibrium search model with on-the-job search and heterogeneity in firms' productivities using a sample of Italian male workers. Results indicate that arrival rates of offers for workers are higher when unemployed than when employed and firms exploit their monopsony power when setting wages. As a result, workers earn far less than their marginal product. The model is then used to study regional labour market differentials in Italy. Wide variation in frictional transition parameters across areas helps to explain persistent unemployment and wage differentials."

"Objective Increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality from high physical work demands has been observed among men with low physical fitness and leisure time physical activity. We tested whether hypertensive men are at a particularly high risk of IHD mortality when exposed to high physical work demands. Method We carried out a 30-year follow-up of the Copenhagen Male Study of 5249 gainfully employed men aged 40–59 years. Of these, 274 men with a history of myocardial infarction or prevalent symptoms of angina pectoris or intermittent claudication were excluded from the follow-up. Men were classified as having hypertension when any of the following factors was present: (i) treatment for hypertension, (ii) a systolic blood pressure of >160 mm Hg, or (iii) a diastolic blood pressure of >90 mm Hg. Physical work demands were determined by two self-reported questions. Results Of the eligible study population, 587 men (11.9%) died due to IHD. Hypertensive men had more than a doubled risk of IHD mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 2.16, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.80–2.59]. Cox analyses – adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, diabetes, physical fitness, leisure time physical activity, and social class – showed that high physical work demands were associated with an increased risk of IHD and all-cause mortality among normotensive men (N=4127, HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.96–1.92 and HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06–1.44, respectively), but not among the hypertensive men (N=808, HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.63–1.81 and HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.80–1.42, respectively) using men with low physical work demands as the reference. Conclusion Compared to normotensive men, hypertensive men did not have a higher risk of IHD or all-cause mortality from high physical work demands."

"The etiology of male breast cancer (MBC) is largely unknown but a causal role of exposure to organic solvents has been suggested. Previous studies on occupational risk factors of breast cancer were often restricted to women who are frequently exposed to lower levels and at a lower frequency than men. We investigated the association between MBC and occupational exposure to petroleum and oxygenated and chlorinated solvents in a multicenter case-control study of rare cancers in Europe."

"Objective Human evidence of carcinogenicity concerning shift work is inconsistent. This industry-based cohort study aimed to examine the relationship between working in a rotating shift and cancer incidence.Methods The cohort consisted of male production workers (12 609 shift and 15 219 day), employed in a large chemical industry for at least one year between 1995–2005, and residing in the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Incident cancer cases from 2000–2009 were identified through record linkage with the cancer registry of Rhineland-Palatinate. Information on exposure to shift work and potential confounders, including age, smoking status, job level, and employment duration, was extracted from the personnel and health records. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) adjusted for potential confounders.Results Between 2000–2009, 518 and 555 cancer cases (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) occurred among shift and day work employees, respectively. Compared to “never shift work”, shift workers experienced an increased risk of cancers neither at all-sites (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.89–1.21) nor for prostate cancer in particular (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.71–1.21). The risks of leukemia and esophagus cancer were increased if smoking was not taken into account, albeit based on small numbers. However, adjusting for smoking changed the HR and the risk diminished.Conclusions Our analyses do not provide evidence for a carcinogenic effect of the shift system under study."

"This paper uncovers 'conspicuous work' as a new form of status seeking that can explain social interactions in labour supply. We analyse how peer working time relates to both labour supply and happiness for Dutch male workers. Using a unique measure of peer weekly working time, we find that men's working time increases with that of their peers and that peer working time is negatively related to men's happiness. These findings are consistent with a 'conspicuous work' model, in which individuals derive status from working time."