Documents metabolic study 9 results

"The study focused upon psychological, ergonomic, and physically loading factors and chemical and physical environmental conditions. Data were obtained through self-reports, interviews, workplace analyses, technical measurements, and observations. Gender-specific calculations were used in univariate analyses and in stepwise logistic regression models for excess metabolic level.Metabolic demands in worklife today remain high. The women who exceeded the recommended metabolic level at work in this study were characterized by low pay, poor health, and children at home, in addition to high physical load and psychosocial strain at work. These characteristics indicate a group with few possibilities to leave a hazardous job for a less physically demanding one. The men who worked at an excess metabolic level seemed to be characterized more by a life-style common in some male-dominated work cultures with monotonous work."

"Phase I and Phase II xenobiotic-metabolising enzyme families are involved in the metabolic activation and detoxification of various classes of environmental carcinogens. Particular genetic polymorphisms of these enzymes have been shown to influence individual cancer risk. A brief overview is presented about recent research of the relationship between metabolic genotypes and internal dose, biologically effective dose and cytogenetic effects of complex and specific genotoxic exposures of human study populations, and we report our new results from two molecular epidemiological studies. We investigated the effects of multiple interactions among CYP1A1 Ile462Val, CYP1A1 MspI, CYP1B1 Leu432Val, CYP2C9 Arg144Cys, CYP2C9 Ile359Leu, NQO1 Pro189Ser, GSTM1 gene deletion and GSTP1 Ile105Val genotypes on the levels of carcinogen-DNA adducts determined by (32)P-postlabelling and PAH-DNA immunoassay in peripheral blood lymphocytes from workers occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aluminium plants, and in bronchial tissue from smoking lung patients. A statistically significant positive linear correlation was observed between white blood cell aromatic DNA adduct and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPY) levels from potroom workers with GSTM1 null genotype (P=0.011). Our results suggest interactions between GSTM1 and GSTP1 alleles in modulation of urinary 1-OHPY levels and white blood cell DNA adduct levels in the PAH-exposed workers. Interactions between GSTM1 and GSTP1 alleles, in association with particular genotype combinations of CYPs, were also recognised in bronchial aromatic DNA adduct levels of smoking lung patients. The impact of single metabolic genotypes and their combinations on biomarkers of exposure was usually weak, if any, in both our studies and reports of the literature. The effect of special metabolic gene interactions may be better recognised if the compared groups of individuals are stratified for multiple potential modulators of the observable biomarker end-point, and/or if chemical structure-specific biomarker methods are applied."

"Oxygen consumption was monitored in ten men exposed to a range of air velocities and air temperatures while performing standing physical work at two different activity levels. The neck was identified as the most draught sensitive area. While air temperature influenced draught ratings at the hands and face, the percentage of dissatisfied subjects due to draught at the head region did not depend on the air temperature. Working at a high activity level resulted in fewer dissatisfied persons, compared to a low activity level. The metabolic rate, equivalent to the internal heat production, significantly influenced human response to air movements."

"Ethylene glycol alkyl ethers (EGAE), 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-isopropoxyethanol, and 2-butoxyethanol, are widely used in a variety of industrial and household products. They are found in a number of paints, varnishes, engine fuels, hydraulic fluids, and also in many household products, including floor polishes and glass, leather, and upholstery cleaners. Human and animal studies have shown that EGAE can cause adverse reproductive, developmental, and hematological effects through inhalation, dermal absorption, and ingestion. The oxidation of these chemicals to appropriate aldehydes and alkoxyacetic acids is responsible for their toxic effects. The central nervous system, blood and blood-forming organs, and reproduction are the targets in acute and chronic intoxications with EGAE. Data on exposure, metabolism, biomonitoring, and toxic effects ofEGAE, especially those on hematological disorders in human and laboratory animals are presented in this paper."

"Le plomb est un métal dont la toxicité est connue depuis fort longtemps, mais son potentiel cancérogène est source de débats. Les rares études de cas sont insuffisantes pour emporter la conviction d'un rôle causal direct du plomb dans la genèse de certains cancers chez l'homme. Aucune méta-analyse des études épidémiologiques n'a pu conclure de façon définitive sur la cancérogénicité du plomb pour l'homme. Cependant, le plomb a des effets si divers et complexes au niveau moléculaire qu'il est difficile de l'exclure a priori de tout soupçon de participation à un ou des effets cancérogènes.
L'objet de cet ouvrage, le premier rassemblant autant de données et d'analyses, est de fournir aux scientifiques, praticiens comme épidémiologistes, et aux personnes ou institutions soucieuses d'adapter au mieux la prévention, l'outil le plus complet possible leur permettant d'avancer dans leurs recherches, ou dans leurs propositions d'amélioration des conditions de travail."

"Elaborates basic principles for the evaluation of chemical toxicology that are specific to the physiological characteristics of infants and young children. Principles of evaluation, which were worked out by 46 leading experts, are based on a thorough review of data on postnatal physiology, metabolism, and the special factors governing exposure in this age group, including behavioural and cultural conditions.
The report opens with background information on relevant features of postnatal morphology, biochemistry, and physiology. Subsequent chapters assess the kinetics of absorption, biotrans-formation, and elimination, and point out ways in which certain conditions of postnatal development will influence the effects of chemicals on different organs and systems. The book concludes with a discussion of factors that can assist in the identification of children at risk. "

"e toluène et le styrène sont des solvants aromatiques, neurotoxiques et ototoxiques, utilisés en grande quantité dans l'industrie. Bien que leur utilisation soit limitée par une réglementation contraignante, celle-ci ne prend pas suffisamment en compte les éventuelles co-expositions avec d'autres solvants pouvant influencer leur métabolisme. Ces compétitions métaboliques, objet d'une étude conduite par l'INRS, posent la question de la surveillance des expositions aux hydrocarbures aromatiques et des stratégies de prélèvements à adopter. Cet article propose un éclairage sur ces interactions et les mesures de prévention préconisées pour limiter leurs effets"