Documents mental disease 21 results

"Ground-breaking genetic discoveries and technological advances have opened up a new era in genetic exploration, and technological advances have enabled geneticists to successfully uncover the genetic basis of a wide range of diseases. Although currently of limited predictive value, genetic testing promises to potentially revolutionise health care and medical treatment. Among other things, genetic testing technology may offer the prospect of being able to detect the onset of future disabilities, including mental illness. In light of advances in genetic science and technology, questions arise as to whether an appropriate framework exists to protect the interests of individuals and also to acknowledge competing commercial considerations for the use of genetic testing, particularly in the employment context. Against the backdrop of rapidly advancing genetic technologies, this article considers whether it is necessary to regulate genetic testing of employees for mental illness. This article examines the regulation of genetic testing in this area from the perspective of the social model of disability and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. It makes recommendations for addressing the competing interests and argues for the need to regulate genetic testing for mental illnesses in employment, with individual rights at the forefront."

"Background Individuals with a history of mental illness have lower earnings than individuals without. A possible reason is that those with prior anxiety or depression may be more likely to exit the labour force prior to retirement age, but evidence has been mixed and limited. Our objective was to compare risk of early labour force exit between employed adults with a history of depression or anxiety versus those without, separately for men and women. Methods We used data from the Baltimore Epidemiological Catchment Area Follow-up Cohort, which collected baseline data in 1981 and follow-up data 1993–1996 and 2004–2005. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the relative risk of labour force exit comparing those with versus without prior history of anxiety or depressive disorders. Results Women with prior anxiety or depression are at 37% increased risk of dropping out of the labour force as compared to women without, controlling for age, socioeconomic status, race and marital status (HR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.79). Men with prior anxiety or depression are 18% more likely to subsequently drop out of the labour force as compared to men without, controlling for the above confounders as well as veteran status, but this association is not statistically significant (HR: 1.18, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.27). Conclusions Prior anxiety or depression increases risk of early labour force exit for women. These findings may help explain previously reported lower earnings among female individuals with a history of mental illness and highlight the importance of considering anxiety and depressive disorders in policies supporting labour force participation."

"The global prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders is accelerating. Numbers of children affected by an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States have reached 1 in 88 ? 1 in 56 among boys ? and even more children have developed attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). The burden of these disorders to individuals and society overall is enormous; ASD alone costs the United States a staggering $130 billion, with ADHD costs reaching similar heights. Genetic causes of these neurodevelopmental disorders cannot account for such radically increased rates of incidence. The causes must also implicate environmental chemicals, many of which have been shown to disrupt normal thyroid function. In this book, Barbara Demeneix makes the case that thyroid hormone signaling bridges the environment and gene programs needed for brain development?and that environmental chemicals that disrupt normal thyroid function pose significant risks to the inherited intelligence and mental health of future generations. The first chapter provides an historical overview of documented cases in which environmental pollution has caused IQ loss across populations. The following chapters explain the physiology of thyroid hormone action, the importance of iodine and selenium for thyroid hormone signaling and brain development, and why thyroid hormone is such a sensitive target for environmental pollution. The final chapters discuss the role of gene-environment interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders and address what can and must be done by individuals, associations, and decision-makers to staunch these epidemics."

"Mental ill-health can lead to poor work performance, high sickness absence and reduced labour market participation, resulting in considerable costs for society. Improving labour market participation of people with mental health problems requires well-integrated policies and services across the education, employment, health and social sectors. This paper provides examples of policy initiatives from 10 OECD countries for integrated services. Outcomes and strengths and weaknesses of the policy initiatives are presented, resulting in the following main conclusions for future integrated mental health and work policies and services: More rigorous implementation and evaluation of integrated policies is necessary to improve labour market outcomes. Implementation cannot be left to the discretion of stakeholders only; Better financial incentives and clearer obligations and guidelines need to be provided to stakeholders and professionals to participate in integrated service delivery; Each sector has a responsibility to assure integrated services in line with client needs, in turn requiring much better knowledge about the needs of clients with a mental illness; More integrated provision of services within each sector – e.g. through employment advice brought into the mental health system and psychological expertise brought into employment services – appears to be the easiest and most cost-effective approach."

"After a short review of the history and an introduction into the background of standardization in the field of mental work-load an overview over the ISO 10 075 series of standards on ergonomic principles related to mental work-load is given. The review also presents relationships of these standards with some other ergonomic standards and some of the problems associated with standardization in the field of mental work-load. The stress-strain model, the concepts and the terminology used in ISO 10 075 are presented in the overview, together with the basic ideas and the frame of reference of the design guidelines provided by ISO 10 075-2. An outline of the state of discussion and possible developments of a working draft for ISO 10 075-3 on diagnostic methods concludes the presentation of the international standards on mental work-load."

"A l'heure de l'application d'une nouvelle loi en faveur des personnes handicapées «pour l'égalité des droits et des chances, la participation et la citoyenneté des travailleurs handicapés», la question de la reconnaissance du handicap psychique par les institutions et par la société nous est posée.
Auparavant prisonnière d'une prise en charge uniquement médicale et asilaire, la maladie mentale et les troubles psychiques font désormais partie de la vie sociale, des politiques d'insertion et du monde du travail.Les progrès médicaux avec notamment la découverte des neuroleptiques, des antidépresseurs, et plus récemment des antipsychotiques de seconde génération, ont permis à un certain nombre de personnes atteintes de maladies mentales (psychoses de type schizophrénique paranoïdes ou déficitaires, de troubles anxieux, de dépressions graves, de phobies…) de pouvoir prétendre à une qualité de vie sociale inespérée.
En s'intégrant à la vie de la «cité» avec l'ouverture de l'hôpital sur la ville, le monde du travail est devenu un point d'ancrage pour l'insertion des personnes atteintes de troubles psychiques.
Par ailleurs, un certain nombre de personnes, suite à des parcours de vie accidentée, peuvent développer une maladie mentale à l'âge adulte. Celle-ci va les fragiliser au niveau de leur insertion socio-professionnelle. Ces personnes, en général déjà intégrées dans l'entreprise, vont se retrouver en situation de handicap du fait de leur maladie et des troubles induits retentissant sur la tenue de leur emploi.
Cet ouvrage se fixe pour objectif d'apporter des éléments de réflexion à tous ceux qui souhaitent faire du maintien à l'emploi et de la préservation de l'employabilité des personnes confrontées à la maladie psychique une réalité.
Nombreuses sont les questions qui se posent aux professionnels:
- quelles sont les difficultés rencontrées par l'entreprise pour maintenir ces salariés dans l'emploi ?
- dans quelle mesure la maladie mentale ou les troubles psychiques génèrent-ils réellement une situation de handicap professionnel ?
- quel impact peut avoir la maladie ou les troubles psychiques sur le poste de travail, sur les relations avec l'environnement de travail, sur la perception qu'a le salarié de sa maladie et de l'entreprise ?"