Documents drug 24 results

"Ce livre permet de comprendre autrement la société chinoise dans une perspective nettement non normative et sur des sujets peu abordés jusqu'ici. II ne s'agit pas de mesurer l'évolution de la Chine vers l'économie de marché, l'Etat de droit ou la démocratie, bref de saisir la Chine par sa " transition ", mais au contraire d'analyser comment les normes sociales se construisent. L'objectif est de montrer que la compréhension de la société chinoise ne passe pas par une opposition entre " pensée occidentale " et " pensée chinoise ", mais par l'utilisation des outils des sciences sociales. Document sur la sociologie chinoise destiné à montrer comment les chercheurs travaillent aujourd'hui, ce livre rassemble dix analyses au cœur des réalités chinoises: les migrations ville-campagne, la classe moyenne, la drogue et le sida, la recherche... et s'appuient sur des travaux de terrain de première main. Il s'agit enfin d'une collaboration exemplaire, menée au sein des Ateliers franco-chinois en sciences sociales de Pékin, fruit d'un dialogue nourri entre ces sociologues chinois venus d'horizons divers et une équipe de jeunes sinologues chargés des traductions."

"Background:On June 21, 2011, the US Senate Finance Committee staff initiated an inquiry into whether Medtronic, Inc improperly influenced peer-reviewed studies of Medtronic?s bone-growth product InFuse, also known as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2).Methods:In response to the June 21, 2011 request by Chairman Baucus and Senator Grassley, Medtronic produced more than 5000 documents pertaining to 13 studies sponsored by Medtronic where there was absolutely no reporting of adverse events associated with InFuse. Committee staff conducted a review of the documents submitted by Medtronic and other materials.Findings:Staff found that Medtronic was heavily involved in drafting, editing, and shaping the content of medical journal articles authored by its physician consultants; that Medtronic paid a total of approximately $210 million to physician authors; and that a Medtronic employee recommended against publishing a complete list of adverse events possibly associated with InFuse; among other findings.Conclusion:The Committee?s investigation discovered troubling evidence that Medtronic officials influenced the content of articles in peer-reviewed scientific publications to present InFuse in the best possible light. In order to address the problem of biased research in medical literature, drug and device manufacturers and journal editors need to implement stringent disclosure policies that detail industry funding to physician authors. Medical journals should critically examine past studies that may exhibit industry bias that harms patients and misleads physicians. A company employee involved in the drafting of a scientific article should be listed as an author."

"Background Benzodiazepine use is widespread in older people, although its benefit is uncertain. Aim To investigate the long-term effect of benzodiazepine use upon dementia risk. Methods A prospective cohort of men seen on five occasions over 22?years with full medication histories, repeat measures of cognitive function and a clinical diagnosis of dementia. Results Of 1134 men with complete data, 103 (9.1%) had been taking benzodiazepines regularly at one or more phases. These men showed a marked increased incidence of dementia (OR=3.50, 95% CI 1.57 to 7.79, p=0.002), which persisted despite adjustment for psychological distress and other covariates. Men exposed in earlier phases showed a greater association than more recent exposure, counter to what one would expect if this was due to reverse causation, though we failed to demonstrate a dose–response effect with drug duration. Conclusion The taking of benzodiazepines is associated with an increased risk of dementia."

"OBJECTIVE:
We investigated self-reported occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs, anesthetic gases, antiviral drugs, sterilizing agents (disinfectants), and X-rays and the risk of spontaneous abortion in US nurses.
STUDY DESIGN:
Pregnancy outcome and occupational exposures were collected retrospectively from 8461 participants of the Nurses' Health Study II. Of these, 7482 were eligible for analysis using logistic regression.
RESULTS:
Participants reported 6707 live births, and 775 (10%) spontaneous abortions (<20 weeks). After adjusting for age, parity, shift work, and hours worked, antineoplastic drug exposure was associated with a 2-fold increased risk of spontaneous abortion, particularly with early spontaneous abortion before the 12th week, and 3.5-fold increased risk among nulliparous women. Exposure to sterilizing agents was associated with a 2-fold increased risk of late spontaneous abortion (12-20 weeks), but not with early spontaneous abortion.
CONCLUSION:
This study suggests that certain occupational exposures common to nurses are related to risks of spontaneous abortion."

"The aim of the Belstress Study was to see whether use of benzodiazepines is associated with perceived job stress as measured by Karasek's job-strain model. This model has as its central tenet that the most adverse health outcomes are to be expected in high strain jobs characterized by high job demands and low job control. An extension of the model states that the most noxious combination is high job demands, low control and low social support at work. Sample subjects were recruited from 25 Belgian companies between 1994 and 1998, and cover a wide range of occupations. A 5.6% of 16,094 men and 9.3% of 5012 women aged 35–59 years report use of benzodiazepines during the last month. A clear association is displayed between self-reported use of benzodiazepines and a high strain job compared to a low strain job (men: OR=1.93, 99% CI=1.4–2.6; women: OR=1.66, 99% CI=1.0–2.7), after adjustment is made for socio-demographic confounders (age, level of education, occupational group, employment sector, living situation). The independent association with quartile level of job demands is a striking feature (men: OR of highest quartile compared to lowest quartile group=1.91, 99% CI=1.4–2.6; women: OR=1.99, 99% CI=1.3–3.1). In men, an inverse association with quartile level of job control is observed (OR= 0.65, 99% CI=0.5–0.9) whereas in women a clear tendency in that direction is displayed (OR=0.62, 99% CI=0.4–1.1). The association with low social support is less clear; an independent association between use of benzodiazepines and iso-strain was observed particularly in men."