Documents knowledge management 81 results

"Il lavoro affronta il tema dell'innovazione organizzativa nell'impresa, mettendolo in rapporto con la progressiva affermazione dell'economia della conoscenza nell'attuale fase di sviluppo e con i conseguenti problemi di valorizzazione del capitale umano dei lavoratori. Dopo un'analisi storica dei punti di convergenza teorica tra l'economia della conoscenza, la teoria della crescita e la teoria dell'impresa, si affrontano le ragioni dell'incertezza strutturale che caratterizza le attività di "knowledge management", in ragione delle peculiarità che l'analisi economica riconosce al bene conoscenza e alla sua transazione. Viene quindi esaminato il tema della gestione della conoscenza ai fini dell'innovazione organizzativa, alla luce degli schemi logici dei modelli della "produzione snella" e dell'"organizzazione che apprende", e nella prospettiva della trasformazione della conoscenza in competenza. Vengono infine messi in luce i problemi connessi alla creazione di comunità di conoscenza nell'impresa e alla corrispondente diffusione della competenza della "partecipazione cognitiva"."

"In the 1970s, Xerox pioneered the involvement of social science researchers in technology design and in developing better ways of working. The Xerox legacy is a hybrid methodology that combines an ethnographic interest in direct observation in settings of interest with an ethnomethodological concern to make the study of interactional work an empirical, investigatory matter. This edited volume is an overview of Xerox's social science tradition. It uses detailed case studies showing how the client engagement was conducted over time and how the findings were consequential for business impact. Case studies in retail, production, office and home settings cover four topics: practices around documents, the customer front, learning and knowledge-sharing, and competency transfer. The impetus for this book was a 2003 Xerox initiative to transfer knowledge about conducting ethnographically grounded work practice studies to its consultants so that they may generate the kinds of knowledge generated by the researchers themselves."

"Cet article a pour objectif de poser un regard rétrospectif sur les activités scientifiques et les réflexions menées par le regroupement stratégique en transfert de connaissances (RS-TC) afin de dégager des axes de développement sur ce thème en lien avec la santé et sécurité au travail (SST). Afin de dresser ce bilan, nous avons effectué une analyse documentaire à partir de deux sources principales : 1) les activités de type symposiums et tables rondes organisées successivement en 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010 et 2011 et les diverses présentations et publications qui en sont issues et 2) les revues de littérature effectuées sur le transfert des connaissances en SST. Nous présentons d'abord un bref portrait des activités de transfert en SST réalisées par le RS-TC du Réseau de recherche en santé et sécurité du travail (RRSSTQ). Par la suite, nous proposons diverses pistes de réflexion développées à partir des activités menées depuis la création de ce regroupement au sein du RRSSTQ. Par exemple, le piège de restreindre le sens du terme connaissance et de s'y astreindre, le choix d'un intitulé représentatif de la question du transfert au Réseau, la nécessité d'opérer une double articulation individu/organisation, l'importance et la complexité du rôle des relayeurs, la multiplicité des outils de relais, la problématique de l'implantation. Nous terminons sur une piste de réflexion encore inexplorée par la communauté de chercheurs en TC de ce regroupement – les décideurs, auxquels peu d'efforts ont été consacrés – et sur les suites à donner au travail réalisé à ce jour : développer un cadre d'analyse propre à rendre compte des savoirs et savoir-faire développés au Réseau."

"This article investigates the social network dimension in processes of cross-national transfer. The empirical focus is the conscious attempt to appropriate, in France after 1945, the American model of the large firm. Structural conditions—internal crisis and geopolitical dependence—created the context in which country-to-country transfer could take place. Our findings also show, however, that the transfer itself required the activation of concrete mechanisms and, there, social networks proved key. Our evidence shows in fact the tight and reciprocal interaction, the co-construction, as it were, of social networks on the one hand and processes of institutionalization on the other. Building upon our empirical findings, we propose furthermore that successful cross-national transfer hinges on a particular kind of network structure. In the story recounted here diffusion across national borders called for the smooth and successful articulation of two types of social networks—a cross-national "weak ties" network and national "strong ties" ones. In the end, this article accords with the current calls for cross-fertilization of institutional theory and social network theory. And we argue that both approaches are useful and complementary when dealing with country-to-country transfers."

"There has been considerable research over the past two decades into the various aspects of traditional expatriate assignments. However, this research has overlooked an important category of international operator: the international business traveller, also known popularly as globetrotter or frequent flier. In this paper, we report on the results of a study of ten Australian and Danish international business travellers (IBTs). The aim was to explore the roles and activities of IBTs and the factors, such as level of organizational support that may intervene in the performance of their roles. We conclude that IBTs often are a neglected resource, particularly in terms of skills and knowledge transfer. "

"The world of wage labour seems to have become a soulless machine, an engine of social and environmental destruction. Employees seem to be nothing but 'cogs' in this system - but is this true? Located at the intersection of political theory, moral philosophy, and business ethics, this book questions the picture of the world of work as a 'system'. Hierarchical organizations, both in the public and in the private sphere, have specific features of their own. This does not mean, however, that they cannot leave room for moral responsibility, and maybe even human flourishing.

Drawing on detailed empirical case studies, Lisa Herzog analyses the nature of organizations from a normative perspective: their rule-bound character, the ways in which they deal with divided knowledge, and organizational cultures and their relation to morality. The volume examines how individual agency and organizational structures would have to mesh to avoid common moral pitfalls and develops the notion of 'transformational agency', which refers to a critical, creative way of engaging with one's organizational role while remaining committed to basic moral norms. The volume goes on to explore the political and institutional changes that would be required to re-embed organizations into a just society. Whether we submit to 'the system' or try to reclaim it, Herzog argues, is a question of eminent political importance in our globalized world."

"This article discusses changing social perspectives on knowledge, from the old sociology of knowledge to current post-colonial debates. The authors propose an approach that sees knowledge not as an abstract social construction but as the product of specific forms of social labour, showing the ontoformativity of social practice that creates reality through historical time. Research in three southern-tier countries examines knowledge workers and their labour process, knowledge institutions including workplaces and communication systems, economic strategies and the resourcing of knowledge work and workforces. This research shows in detail the contested hegemony of the global metropole in domains of knowledge. It reveals forms of negotiation that reshape knowledge production, and shows the importance for knowledge workers of the dynamics of global change."

"Soziale Medien wie Wikis, Weblogs und soziale Netzwerke kommen zunehmend auch unternehmensintern zum Einsatz. Unternehmen versprechen sich von »Enterprise 2.0« eine effektivere Kommunikation, eine Verbesserung des Wissensmanagements sowie die Steigerung ihrer Attraktivität für junge Bewerber_innen. Vernachlässigt wurde bisher jedoch die Frage, wie sich Arbeitsbedingungen und Anforderungen aus Sicht der Beschäftigten ändern und welche Herausforderungen sich für die betriebliche Mitbestimmung ergeben. Auf der Basis von Unternehmensfallstudien präsentiert das Buch Ergebnisse zu den Erfahrungen, Anforderungen und Umgangsweisen von Beschäftigten und Interessenvertretungen mit Social Media."