Documents legal aid 8 results

"L'objectif de l'article est de reconstituer la manière dont s'est développée une spécialisation juridique au sein des organisations syndicales. Quatre étapes scandent cette histoire, qui constituent autant de configurations législatives et syndicales rendant possible l'investissement des syndicats et de certains de leurs permanents et de leurs militants dans l'action juridique et judiciaire : il s'agit du début du siècle, des années 1940 et du début des années 1950, des années 1970 et de la période actuelle. L'article reconstitue ensuite, dans une perspective synchronique, les instances et leurs acteurs qui, au sein des syndicats, se sont spécialisés dans le droit. Enfin, il montre comment le développement de ce type d'activité induit pour les organisations des relations spécifiques (de concurrence et de coopération) avec des acteurs appartenant au champ juridique (avocats et professeurs de droit), leur permettant ainsi de se constituer de nouvelles ressources."

"Citizens across the European Union need to know more not only about their right to equal treatment but also about the legal and other avenues they can pursue when seeking to remedy a violation of this right. Surveys, such as successive Eurobarometers, indicate a relatively low awareness of the Non-discrimination Directives. Not many cases are brought to the courts, equality bodies or other competent authorities. Building on the strengths and weaknesses of existing anti-discrimination handbooks, and focusing on a much wider non-specialist audience, this Handbook addresses those who seek and provide general legal aid in the non-discrimination field. How will you know if you have faced discrimination? Simple answers cannot be given to such a complex question. It is better to answer this short question with another short question: but for your disability, age, ethnicity, race, religion or sexual orientation would you have been treated otherwise? If the answer is yes, this Handbook includes details that help you identify discrimination and decide whether such discrimination is unlawful. Once you are certain that you have suffered discrimination, many more questions need to be clarified. The Handbook is there to help you to ask all the important questions and find the right answers. Sometimes the answers will be discouraging – especially when it comes to predicting your chances of succeeding with a legal challenge. Still, being able to properly identify discrimination provides a certain amount of reassurance that you are in the right. You can also draw reassurance from the fact that a support system has been created for you under European law. When you know or suspect that you have been discriminated against, before taking any legal action, be sure to seek advice and assistance from a specialised equality body, a non-governmental organisation and/or a trade union. Equality bodies are the most specialised, accessible and cheapest providers of advice, assistance and more on discrimination "

"In the context of the provision of mutual legal assistance, prosecutors, judges and criminal defence lawyers are frequently confronted with criminal proceedings established in east European countries inside or outside the EU. For this reason, coercive measures are regularly requested and often even taken in western countries on the basis of these foreign proceedings. Allegations that proceedings in some east European countries have been manipulated, or even completely fabricated, have become increasingly common. So far, research and teaching have focused on politically motivated procedures, but this article addresses the influence over legal procedures in western countries resulting from bribes paid to east European officials. Referring overtly to ‘eastern Europe' in general, the authors use a field report, drawing on their experience and practice in German-speaking countries, to describe the potential for abuse in this area. They call on judicial systems in western countries to advance cautiously in such proceedings and to pay close attention to the paperwork and procedures in the country which is seeking assistance."