Documents work experience 24 results

"This paper investigates the transferability of human capital from various countries to Germany and the contribution of imperfect human capital portability to the explanation of the immigrant-native wage gap. Our results reveal that, overall, education and, in particular, labor market experience accumulated in the home countries of the immigrants receive significantly lower returns than human capital obtained in Germany. We further find evidence for heterogeneity in the returns to human capital of immigrants across countries. Finally, imperfect human capital transferability appears to be a major factor in explaining the wage differential between natives and immigrants."

"Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the strength of evidence on the effectiveness of two policy levers—the experience rating of workers' compensation insurance and the enforcement of occupational health and safety regulation—in creating incentives for firms to focus on health and safety issues. Methods An extensive systematic literature review was undertaken in an effort to capture both published and grey literature studies on the topic. Studies that met specific subject-matter and methods criteria underwent a quality assessment. A qualitative approach to evidence synthesis, known as “best-evidence” synthesis, was used. This method ranks the strength of evidence on a particular topic on the basis of the number, quality, and consistency of studies on the topic.Results There was moderate evidence that the degree of experience rating reduces injuries, limited to mixed evidence that inspections offer general and specific deterrence and that citations and penalties aid general deterrence, and strong evidence that actual citations and penalties reduce injuries.Conclusions Although experience rating is a key policy lever of those providing workers' compensation insurance, there is much to be learned about its merits. Few studies have concerned the topic, and most have used crude proxy measures or exploited natural experiments. There have been many more studies on the merits of regulation enforcement, even though here too measures were often crude. Nonetheless, this synthesis indicates that general deterrence is less effective in reducing injury incidence and severity, whereas specific deterrence with regard to citations and penalties does indeed have an impact."

"Graduates from higher education often enter the labour market with a considerable amount of work experience. Using German data, we address the question of whether early work experience pays off upon labour market entry. We compare the labour market benefits of different types of work experience. This comparison allows us to more generally test hypotheses about different explanations of why education pays off. Results indicate that tertiary graduates do not profit from work experience that is unrelated to the field of study or was a mandatory part of the study programme. Even though field-related and voluntary work experience helps graduates to realize a fast integration into the labour market, it is not linked to higher chances for entering a favourable class position or to higher wages in the long run. These results provide evidence for the signalling explanation of educational benefits in the labour market rather than the human capital explanation."

"À partir d'une demande sociale de validation des acquis de l'expérience des militants d'une grande confédération syndicale française, nous avons coconstruit avec un collectif de militants un dispositif d'analyse de l'activité syndicale. Le cadre méthodologique des instructions au sosie et des autoconfrontations croisées, issu des travaux en clinique de l'activité, nous a permis d'explorer collectivement l'activité syndicale. Cette investigation conjointe souligne la complexité des conflits rencontrés dans l'activité et l'étendue des compétences qu'ils génèrent. L'analyse du travail dans cette intervention était finalisée sur la production d'un référentiel, conçu pour soutenir le travail individuel d'élaboration de l'expérience, mais aussi celui d'accompagnement institutionnel à la démarche, dans la perspective d'une validation des acquis de l'expérience (VAE). Le référentiel produit reprend une architecture à deux niveaux, celui des dilemmes et celui des acquis de l'expérience syndicale afin de rendre compte de la multitude des conflits et des ressources collectives de l'action individuelle. En repérant les lignes de force de l'activité militante réelle, ce référentiel souligne toute la richesse et la singularité de l'expérience syndicale, bien au-delà des domaines traditionnellement reconnus comme des champs d'expertise du militant syndical, celui de l'accompagnement social et celui du droit du travail. Notre travail confirme l'étendue de ces acquis, potentiellement transférables dans le cadre d'un processus de VAE."

"In recent years many European countries have experienced a substantial growth in immigrants working in the labour market. Empirical data on their work experiences are, however, relatively scarce. Based on a survey of immigrants this article focuses on the expectations, perceptions of unfairness and outcomes of relatively recent immigrants in the workplace in Ireland. Using organizational justice and relative deprivation theory, a theoretical model was developed predicting a set of associations between expectations arising from particular reference groups, fairness at work, met expectations and outcomes. Overall, the model highlights the central importance of fairness in the workplace for met expectations and personal outcomes. This research assists in building a picture of the workplace experiences of these new immigrants, which is useful for both national and organizational policy-makers."

"La relation vieillissement, santé, travail constitue un thème d'actualité, en France et dans les sociétés occidentales, en général. Cette relation est d'autant plus complexe qu'elle revêt à la fois un caractère individuel, collectif et social.Chaque élément de cette relation peut apparaître à la fois comme un effet et une cause. Cette problématique est considérablement influencée par les représentations négatives de l'âge, reposant souvent sur des données non fondées."