Documents Santangelo, Giulia 3 results

"Understanding the labour market impact of new, autonomous digital technologies, particularly generative or other forms of artificial intelligence (AI), is currently at the top of the research and policy agenda. Many initial studies, though not all, have shown that there is a wage premium to AI skills in labour markets. Such evidence tends to draw on data from web-based sources and typically deploys a keyword approach for identifying AI skills. This paper utilises representative adult workforce data from 29 European countries, the second European skills and jobs survey, to examine wage differentials of the AI developer workforce. The latter is uniquely identified as part of the workforce that writes programs using AI algorithms. The analysis shows that, on average, AI developers enjoy a significant wage premium relative to a comparably educated or skilled workforce, such as programmers who do not yet write code using AI at work. Wage decomposition analysis further illustrates that there is a large unexplained component of such wage differential. Part of AI programmers' larger wage variability can be attributed to a greater performance-based component in their wage schedules and higher job-skill requirements."

"In order to capture the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour market, several aspects need to be taken into account. First, containment measures put in place in member states at different times and with different levels of severity determined the interruption of several economic activities that were considered non-essential. Second, different occupations require varying degrees of physical proximity and social interaction to be carried out; this implies that they can be considered more or less teleworkable, and affected by different levels of epidemiological risk of contagion. This paper shows the labour market impact of the pandemic on different categories of workers in the EU. Occupations are distinguished by three main characteristics: whether they are critical or non-critical, their level of technical teleworkability and the level of social interaction required in the job. We show that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour market has been heterogeneous across occupations and that all three dimensions are relevant to determine whether and to what extent the occupations were affected by the pandemic."

"Based on unique data from the second wave of the Cedefop European skills and jobs survey (ESJS2), this study examines the drivers of labour shortages in European labour markets. Detailed information on foundation, digital, manual, and interpersonal job-skill requirements in European labour markets, collected through the ESJS2 at job rather than occupation level, is first exploited to construct robust and comprehensive indices of the required skills profile of European jobs. These measures are subsequently used to investigate to what extent occupational labour shortages are underpinned by high(er) skill demands as opposed to other drivers (including labour market immobility, worker skills gaps, unattractive working conditions). The evidence reveals significant variance in the underlying determinants of labour shortages across occupations, highlighting the fallacy of one-size-fits all policies. Occupations in bottleneck are generally underpinned by low cognitive skill needs but high demands for learning and adaptability on behalf of workers. In some occupations shortages may be best tackled through the improvement of job quality or reduction in labour turnover."