Documents Cribb, Jonathan 3 results

"The UK state pension system faces significant challenges given the country's ageing population, but at the same time it is crucial for retirement finances: state pensions make up on average almost half of income for recently retired households. Reforms coming into force in 2010 and 2016 have increased universality, and most future pensioners will receive a full (flat rate) state pension. Policy-makers seeking to limit the cost of the system have two obvious options: raising the state pension age or limiting increases in the value of the pension. The current indexation method known as the ‘triple lock' increases the value of the state pension over time but to an uncertain degree and only in times of macroeconomic turmoil. Among other reasons, differences in life expectancy mean raising the state pension age disproportionately affects poorer people. This is in contrast to limiting indexation which affects those on higher incomes more."

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"We study earnings and income inequality in Britain over the past two decades, including the period of relatively ‘inclusive' growth from 1997 to 2004, and the Great Recession. We focus on the middle 90%, where trends have contrasted strongly with the ‘new inequality' at the very top. Household earnings inequality has risen, driven by male earnings -although a ‘catch-up' of female earnings did hold down individual earnings inequality and reduce within -household inequality. Nevertheless, net household income inequality fell due to deliberate increases in redistribution, the tax and transfer system's insurance role during the Great Recession, falling household worklessness, and rising pensioner incomes."