Documents Brekke, Idunn 3 results

"This article analyses earnings and employment differences between native Norwegians and immigrants over the period 1993—2003. Register data for the entire population of graduates from Norwegian universities 1992—2002 are used. Immigrants' earnings and employment rates are considerably lower than those of native Norwegians. The differences decline with time of residency. Keeping time of residency constant, however, earnings differences between native men and male immigrants tend to grow over the career."

"Using longitudinal register data from Norway, the article examines the impact of having a child with intensified care needs on maternal and paternal employment, within a gender equality promoting welfare state. The hypothesis is that parents with a chronically sick or disabled child will have lower employment probabilities, lower labour earnings and higher sickness absence than parents with a healthy child, and that mothers are more affected than fathers when having a child with extra care needs. A quasi-experimental difference-in-difference regression model shows that the employment probabilities of parents with a sick or disabled child are comparable to those of parents with a healthy child, both for mothers and fathers. The analyses further reveal that having a chronically sick or disabled child reduces labour earnings and increases long-term sickness absence among mothers, while fathers' labour earnings and sickness absence are less affected."

"Caring for children with increased care needs can be demanding and the time required to provide such care hampers parents' employment participation. Especially, mothers and lower educated parents are affected by the increased care burden and reduce or stop their employment participation. So far, the literature lacks studies investigating the employment impact in a comparative perspective. We fill this gap by comparing Belgium and Norway. We use comparable administrative datasets, identifying children with increased care needs as those receiving a cash benefit designed to financially compensate for the extra private care. The results confirm that gender and education inequalities exist in both countries. Moreover, we find that the negative care burden gap in employment depends on the country of residence, with significantly larger inequalities in Belgium. Our analyses suggest that increased support on multiple fronts is needed for these families."