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"The Turkish labour confederations have oscillated in their approach to the incorporation of their country into the European Union. This article explores the key question of how Turkish labour confederations have adapted to and evaluated the process of EU accession and what factors have affected their different trajectories. The research is guided by the question of how and why labour has either veered towards or away from Euroscepticism. The authors argue that although, to a certain extent, evaluations of economic policy, intra-organizational and ideological struggles and sectoral composition and differences can explain the stances expressed at the level of the confederations, it is ideological configurations, the nature of their relations with the state and the EU's attitudes to Turkish membership that largely influence the Turkish peak organizations' approach to the EU and accounts for the differences between the confederations."

"This article examines whether the European Union membership process is transforming the ‘deep structure' of Turkish industrial relations. We make an attempt to illustrate this through the prism of Turkish experience in social dialogue regarded as an indispensable tool of the European social model. Turkish industrial relations is characterised by restrictive labour laws, employer hostility to unionisation, a large informal economy and labour market, and strong state intervention, which have historically constituted the main elements of ‘the deep structure' of Turkish industrial relations. In procedural terms, the institutions for social dialogue have been established but the influence of the social partners is limited because of the dominance of the state and the weakness of labour. The existing attempts at developing social dialogue rest on shaky foundations emanating mostly from the state's and employers' disrespect of basic labour rights."