Documents Cowling, Marc 4 results

"Since the seminal Birch job creation study (1979), policy-makers across the world have been keen to promote entrepreneurship as a mechanism for creating new employment opportunities. In parallel with this political desire, researchers have sought to isolate what types of people become entrepreneurs and what types of entrepreneurs create the most jobs. At the basic level, we observe that men constitute the majority of the total entrepreneurial stock. But our research finds that (a) much of the observed differential is easily accounted for by differences in sector and occupational characteristics of men and women, and (b) the true gender difference is diminishing rapidly over time. But it still remains the case that male entrepreneurs have a 9.5 per cent higher probability of creating jobs. However, in certain countries, notably Germany and Denmark, female entrepreneurs have an impressive record of job creation."

"The article describes some evaluation findings from a longitudinal study of young people receiving business start-up assistance, through the Prince's Trust (with financial support from the Government). Usually for evaluations of self-employment schemes, it focuses not solely on issues of dead-weight and business survival, but also looks at the impact of program participation on the subsequent labour market outcomes of participants. It uses a matched comparison group methodology to model programme impact, and finds no statistical evidence that supported entry to self-employment has an impact on participants' subsequent 'employability'. After controlling for other factors, those who leave the programme are no more likely than those in the comparison group to be in employment, and if in employment their earnings are no higher than those in the comparison group."