Documents accident 6 results

"This case study outlines the new Dutch approach to accident investigation enabling employers to conduct their own inquiry into and analysis of causes of reportable workplace accidents. This self-reporting approach targets enhanced accident prevention as well as safety awareness and establishing effective preventive measures.
The new approach is yielding positive outcomes, with many companies adopting the measures after an accident investigation. The information is available in four languages and is transferable to other EU Member States."

""Risk" is a capacious term used to describe the uncertainties that arise from physical, financial, political, and social activities. Practically everything we do carries some level of risk—threats to our bodies, property, and animals. How do we determine when the risk is too high? In considering this question, Arwen P. Mohun offers a thought-provoking study of danger and how people have managed it from pre-industrial and industrial America up until today.

Mohun outlines a vernacular risk culture in early America, one based on ordinary experience and common sense. The rise of factories and machinery eventually led to shocking accidents, which, she explains, risk-management experts and the "gospel of safety" sought to counter. Finally, she examines the simultaneous blossoming of risk-taking as fun and the aggressive regulations that follow from the consumer-products-safety movement.

Risk and society, a rapidly growing area of historical research, interests sociologists, psychologists, and other social scientists. Americans have learned to tame risk in both the workplace and the home. Yet many of us still like amusement park rides that scare the devil out of us; they dare us to take risks."

"The Chernobyl nuclear accident of 1986 had deleterious health consequences for the population of Belarus, especially for those who were children at the time of the disaster. Using the 2003–2008 waves of the Belarusian Household Survey of Income and Expenditure (BHSIE), we estimate the effect of radiation exposure on the health, education, and labor market outcomes among cohorts and areas affected by the accident, utilizing the nuclear accident as a natural experiment. We find that young individuals who came from the most contaminated areas had worse health, were less likely to hold university degrees, were less likely to be employed, and had lower wages compared to those who were older at the time of the accident and who came from less contaminated areas."

"Transport eases access to jobs, education, markets, leisure and other services, and has a key role in the economy. Nevertheless, road users generate excessive costs to themselves, other individuals and society – through noise, pollution and accidents – in the form of illness, injuries, deaths and damage to mental health and social relationships. The continuing expansion of motorized transport in Europe today raises crucial questions about the efficiency and the environmental, health and social implications of land-use and transport policies. Too often, such policies disregard these implications."

"Recent accidents involving commercial airplanes have once more raised the question whether pilots can rely on automation in order to fly advanced aircraft safely. Although the issue of human–machine interaction in aviation has frequently been investigated, knowledge about pilots' perceptions and attitudes is fragmentary and partly out-dated. The paper at hand presents the results of a pilot survey resting on a collaborative perspective of human–automation decision-making, thus making use of recent ideas that turn away from traditional “either-or” concepts. It puts emphasis on the hybrid interaction of human actors and non-human technical agents and the role distribution in the digital cockpit. The key question is whether pilots have confidence in human–automation collaboration, even in the case of automated systems which act autonomously.
The results are partly surprising: confidence in hybrid collaboration is rather high, depending mostly on perceived symmetry of humans and automation and perceived change of competencies and role distribution. Perceived complexity is only average, and – most unexpectedly – this factor does not negatively affect pilots' confidence in hybrid collaboration. The differences between Airbus and Boeing pilots are much lower than assumed, but results for pilots of regional jets, mostly flying short- or medium-range aircraft, markedly differ from those of both former groups, presumably due to their specific task profile, including repeated opportunities to collaborate with automation."