Documents economic impact 962 results

"This study estimated the economic effects of hypothetical interventions improving different aspects of Danish workers' psychosocial work environment. We found substantial economic gains, mostly driven by savings related to sickness absence, from simultaneous improvements of all aspects. Economic effects from improvements in specific aspects varied a lot. The results may be useful when considering implementing future real-life interventions."

This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

"Taxol is arguably the most celebrated, talked-about and controversial natural product in recent years. It is celebrated because of its efficacy as an anti-cancer drug and because its discovery has provided powerful support for policies concerned with biodiversity; talked about because in the late 1980s and early 1990s the American public was bombarded with news reports and special programmes about the molecule and its host, the Pacific yew; and controversial because during the early 1990s the drug and the tree became embroiled in a number of very sensitive political issues with wide implications for the conduct of public policy. The Story of Taxol tells this story."

"The euro area is set for its deepest downturn and its sternest economic test yet. Some forecasters expect gdp to shrink by nearly a tenth in 2020. But as history is being made, it is also being repeated. Talks between Europe's politicians about the covid-19 crisis have descended into yet another ugly row over which countries gain and lose from a common currency. The acrimony has its roots in Europe's sovereign-debt crisis in 2010-12, when stricken southerners pleaded for solidarity and northerners refused to bail out what they saw as bad behaviour. ..."

"Digitalisation – the diffusion of digital technologies leading to a digital economy – is “virtually everywhere”. It transforms patterns of consumption and production, business models, preferences and relative prices, and thereby entire economies, making it an important issue from a central banking perspective. Some of the key effects of digitalisation relevant to monetary policy relate to output and productivity, labour markets, wages and prices.

The impact of digitalisation on the economy is a function, inter alia, of national economic structure and economic policies, institutions and governance. However, it is not clear whether digitalisation is going to deepen differences between countries or reduce them. It is nevertheless interesting to note that the degree of digitalisation varies across the euro area and EU countries and only a few are as digitalised as the most digital countries in the world.

This article mainly summarises and updates the evidence on the euro area and the EU digital economy, including international comparisons.[1] It documents the growth of the digital economy, measured in terms of value added based on the System of National Accounts, the diffusion of digital technologies as captured by suitable indicators, and the impact of digital technologies on the economic environment in which monetary policy operates through their effects on productivity, labour markets and inflation.[2].."

"This report funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers highlights how indirect, cross-border climate risks, known as transboundary climate risks, impact the Nordic countries – and what governments can do to advance action to adapt to these risks.
Climate change is projected to have devastating impacts on people and ecosystems if the world does not reach the goals set in the Paris Agreement – and significant impacts even if it does. Traditionally the focus in public discussions and policy has been on direct climate impacts such as extreme weather events.
However, there is a growing recognition that many of the more serious impacts may be indirect, cascading and cross-border. This is especially the case in Nordic countries that are both less vulnerable to direct impacts and more exposed to international connections than many other countries."

"This report provides new projections, to 2026, of remote work rates and the accompanying macroeconomic implications for the EU27, Switzerland, Iceland, Norway, Republic of North Macedonia, Turkey and the UK.
Remote work covers a range of practices but few are straightforward to quantify consistently. The definition of remote work used in this report is working from home (WFH), matching the Eurostat Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) definition. The EU-LFS is the principal data source for this exercise. The literature review identified a range of drivers (e.g. sectoral composition of the economy) and potential outcomes (e.g. changes in expenditures on information and communications technologies (ICT)). Using a conceptual framework developed from the literature review, we modelled a baseline projection and three alternative scenarios: one that projected lower rates of WFH by 2026 compared to the baseline (Unwinding of WFH); and two that projected higher rates of WFH
(Acceleration of WFH and Acceleration of WFH with contract changes).By 2026, the baseline projects that 18% of workers in the EU27, and 19.6% of workers in all 33 study countries, will be working from home. There is substantial variation in these rates by individual country, from a 2026 rate of 42% in Luxembourg to 1% in Bulgaria and Romania. Compared to the baseline, the Unwinding of WFH scenario projects nearly 350 000 fewer total workers and more than 10 million fewer WFH workers by 2026, with the reduction concentrated mostly in services. The Acceleration of WFH scenario projects more than 830 000 additional workers in total and more
than 24 million more WFH workers by 2026, employed mostly in service sectors. The Acceleration of WFH with contract changes scenario projects nearly one million more total workers and more than 24 million more WFH workers by 2026. In this scenario, workers are assumed to shift from permanent to self-employed contract positions, leading to a projected increase in the rate of self-employment of 3.7 percentage points compared to the baseline. An unwinding of WFH in Europe would generate modest increases in costs for firms, mild decreases in total employment for workers and small aggregate output reductions. An acceleration of WFH, coupled with an increase in digital development in Europe, would provide benefits in terms of cost savings to firms,
higher employment and higher output. However, there is a risk that higher levels of WFH could lead to contract changes that, while providing benefits to firms, could undermine workers' power, pay and benefits. This has not been explicitly modelled in these projections but warrants deeper consideration."