Documents economic and social development 976 results

"Durant la période soviétique, les économies baltes ont connu un niveau de développement supérieur à celui du reste de l'URSS, la Lettonie arrivant en tête, devant l'Estonie, puis la Lituanie. Ces pays servirent alors en quelque sorte de «laboratoires» des réformes. Si nombre d'observateurs doutaient de ce que ces Etats puissent avoir un avenir hors de l'URSS, étant donné le degré élevé d'intégration et de spécialisation de leurs économies, ils ont été démentis par les faits, puisque tous trois, devenus indépendants, ont parfaitement réussi le passage aux mécanismes du marché et l'ouverture sur d'autres régions. L'Estonie s'est illustrée par l'audace des réformes et la rapidité avec laquelle elles ont été mises en œuvre, tandis que les deux autres pays se montraient plus pusillanimes, la Lettonie, en raison de son importante minorité de russophones qui l'expose à des pressions incessantes de la part de Moscou, et la Lituanie du fait de l'instabilité qui a marqué les premières années de son indépendance. Toutefois, l'une et l'autre ont, depuis la fin des années 1990, regagné le terrain perdu, ce mouvement de rattrapage s'inscrivant dans un processus général de réintégration à grande vitesse des pays baltes dans l'économie européenne et mondiale. Seule ombre au tableau, mais de taille, les inégalités sectorielles et spatiales, tant en ce qui concerne l'emploi que les revenus, sont non seulement nettement plus accusées dans ces trois Etats que dans le reste de l'UE, mais elles continuent de se creuser."

"In the second edition of the EPC Outlook Paper, the Europe in the World programme presents a comprehensive overview of the main developments on the global stage in 2023. The paper analyses and highlights how these developments will impact the EU's role in the world and outlines what the EU and member states can do to continue learning and speaking the language of power.

Rather than being an exercise in prediction, the Outlook Paper aims to be a navigation guide for the year ahead.

2023 will likely be a turbulent year for the European Union. Russia's war in Ukraine will continue to be the main challenge for the country and its Western allies. As the Kremlin continues to use all weapons available to pursue its revisionist agenda, the burden of the war and post-war recovery needs will intensify with the prolongation of the conflict.

At the same time, the EU has to deal with emerging tensions in its relationship with the US, which risk undermining the recent transatlantic comeback. It must also avoid further deterioration of its relationship with China, closely monitoring the country's ties with Russia.

Beyond these immediate challenges, the EU will need to adapt to profound structural developments within global geopolitics, such as the shifting nature of power, the return of hard politics and great power competition, and the increasing importance of competition and confrontation in the geo-economic system. Energy security, the EU's ambitions for security and defence, and the ‘rhetoric-credibility' gap vis-à-vis its enlargement policy are other matters of concern that will have a major influence on EU policymaking.

The Outlook Paper appears in yearly instalments. Each edition has a central theme but also covers developments in a broad range of regions and countries around the world that are strategic to the EU. The Paper includes an in-depth analysis of crucial policies, emerging challenges, and chronologies of key events within and outside the EU. The second edition begins with a “Look Back” section, revisiting the 2022 Paper. This critical feature reviews and reassesses previous assumptions, ensuring the continued quality of our analysis."

"En Argentine, les transformations de l'économie à l'œuvre depuis les années 1970 modifient la répartition des revenus, qui se dégrade encore durant les années 1990. La crise de la fin 2001, vécue comme hors du commun, témoigne des tensions entre les attentes d'intégration sociale par l'éducation et le travail et la politique néolibérale conduite par les gouvernements en place. À partir d'une analyse ethnographique et documentaire, l'article s'intéresse en particulier aux organisations de desocupados de la banlieue sud de Buenos Aires, à la manière dont les membres de ces collectifs et leurs proches vivent leurs conditions de travailleur et de chômeur. L'analyse des politiques sociales donne à voir une tension entre logique de droit au travail et logique de droit individuel à la protection sociale."

"Social cohesion is a cherished principle in the EU. But after recent events, such as the emergence of violent riots in countries previously perceived as very cohesive, low voter turnouts in elections, and the rise of extremist political parties across the European continent, some have come to the conclusion that social cohesion in Europe is slowly but surely eroding. Despite the attention the topic is receiving from the media, it is still not seen as a vital part of the EU's policy-making process; the EU has no tools to measure, let alone assess the levels of social cohesion among the member states, and their evolution over time. In this Discussion Paper, Claire Dhéret highlights the long-term detrimental effect the crisis is likely to have on social cohesion, in particular on young people. She also analyses its interaction with other economic and social indicators and argues that fostering social cohesion would be a way to facilitate the EU's exit strategy from the crisis. Against this background, Claire Dhéret calls on the EU to consider social cohesion as a concrete policy priority in its strategic frameworks, and as a way to supplement the EU's current approach to the crisis, which still predominantly focuses on fiscal consolidation."

"Political independence is usually associated with an attempt to reduce economic dependency on the former dominant or colonial power. For most of the early period since Irish independence the attempt to reduce exposure to the UK was implemented through tariff protection and restrictions on foreign ownership. Inward orientation eventually ran out of steam, culminating in sustained emigration and deep recession in the 1950s. The genesis in the mid-1950s of Ireland's low corporation tax regime facilitated later trade liberalization and diversified the economy away from the UK. These developments facilitated the full convergence on UK and broader Western European living standards that was eventually achieved in the 1990s. From 1979 the UK would diverge from most of the rest of Western Europe on exchange-rate policy, and Ireland was forced to choose between the two. The resulting difficulties can be ascribed to design flaws in the European monetary project and Ireland's failure to recognize the constraints that the new regime imposed."

"l Rapporto sui diritti globali, che da 11 anni propone analisi e documentazione sulla globalizzazione in una chiave di lettura del l'interdipendenza dei diritti, è un volume unico a livello internazionale per ampiezza dei contenuti e dei temi trattati.
La struttura del Rapporto è articolata in macro-capitoli tematici dove viene documentata la situazione relativamente all'anno in corso e vengono delineate le prospettive. L'analisi e la ricerca sono corredate da cronologie dei fatti, da schede tematiche, da qua dri statistici, da un glossario, da una bibliografia e sitografia, dalle sintesi dei capitoli e dall'indice dei nomi e delle organizzazioni citate.
È uno strumento fondamentale d'informazione e formazione per quanti operano nella scuola, nei media e nell'informazione, nella politica, nelle amministrazioni pubbliche, nel mondo del lavoro, nelle professioni sociali, nelle associazioni.
Ideato e realizzato dall'Associazione Società INformazione ONLUS, è co-promosso con la CGIL nazionale, in collaborazione con ActionAid, Antigone, ARCI, Comisiones Obreras (CCOO) della Catalogna, Coordinamento Nazionale delle Comunità di Acco glien za (CNCA), Fondazione Basso-Sezione Internazionale, Forum Ambientalista, Gruppo Abele, Legambiente, Sbilanciamoci!, vale a dire con le associazioni tra le più autorevoli, rappresentative e territorialmente diffuse che sono concretamente impegnate sulle problematiche trattate dal Rapporto."