Documents aromatic amines 8 results

Background The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has previously conducted studies of bladder cancer incidence and mortality at a synthetic dye plant that manufactured beta-naphthylamine from 1940 through 1979. This report extends the period of mortality follow-up 13 years and analyzes both underlying and nonunderlying causes of death. Methods The vital status of each cohort member, as of December 31, 1992, was determined by using the National Death Index and information from the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Postal Service. The NIOSH life table analysis system (LTAS) was used to generate person-years-at-risk and the expected numbers of death for 92 categories of death, using several referent rates (U.S. underlying, Georgia underlying, U.S. multiple cause). Results There were three bladder cancer deaths listed as underlying cause, yielding a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) based on U.S. rates of 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.5, 7.0) and a total of eight bladder cancers listed anywhere on the death certificates (SMR based on multiple cause referent rates = 5.6; 95% CI = 2.4, 11.1). Mortality from esophageal cancer, which had been significantly elevated in the previous study, was no longer significantly elevated (SMR = 2.0; 95% CI = 0.8,4.1). Mortality from all causes was significantly higher than expected (SMR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.3, 1.6). Conclusions The elevated bladder cancer risk in this cohort was detected by the multiple cause, but not the underlying cause, analysis. Elevated mortality from other causes of death, especially among short-term workers, may be related to regional and lifestyle factors.

Cancer incidence was investigated in a cohort of 700 workers employed at a chemical plant between mid-1965 and 1989. The plant produced a variety of chemicals including arylamines such as dichlorobenzidine, o-dianisidine and o-tolidine; benzidine production ceased prior to mid-1965. The principal finding was a significant increase in the standardized incidence ratio for bladder cancer in men. Based on an exposure classification system, the observed association between bladder cancer cases and exposure to arylamines increased with increasing exposure. Smoking probably contributed to the bladder cancer risk, as all case subjects were known to be current or former cigarette smokers.

"A detailed assessment of the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by the professional and personal use of hair colourants. An additional 17 monographs evaluate the carcinogenicity of eight hair dyes, one cosmetic colourant, four industrial dyestuffs, and four aromatic amines, three of which are used in dyestuff manufacture. The first and most extensive monograph considers the carcinogenic risk posed by occupational exposures of hairdressers and barbers and personal exposure to hair colourants. Citing consistent evidence from five large European cohort studies of excess risk for cancer of the urinary bladder in male hairdressers and barbers, the monograph concludes that occupation as a hairdresser or barber entails exposures that are probably carcinogenic. The carcinogenic risk linked to the personal use of hair colourants could not be determined. Of the eight hair dyes considered, only one, HC Blue No. 1, could be classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The cosmetic colourant, D&C Red No. 9 (CI Pigment Red 53:1), could not be classified. Of the four industrial dyestuffs, CI Direct Blue 15, CI Acid Red 114, and magenta containing CI Basic Red 9 were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The manufacture of magenta was classified as entailing exposures that are carcinogenic. Of the four aromatic amines, 4,4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. para-Chloroaniline and 2,6-dimethylaniline were classified as possibly carcinogenic; N,N-dimethyl-aniline could not be classified."

"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by the ingestion of several naturally occurring substances. Separate monographs are presented for two food items (salted fish and pickled vegetables), two naturally occurring plant substances (caffeic acid and d-limonene), four heterocyclic aromatic amines found in cooked meat and fish, and selected mycotoxins, including aflatoxins. The monograph on salted fish concentrates on fish as traditionally prepared in southern China, where very high rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma have been linked to the consumption of salted fish prepared in a manner which involves putrefaction. The monograph concludes that Chinese-style salted fish is carcinogenic to humans. The second monograph concludes that pickled vegetables, prepared according to traditional Asian methods, are possibly carcinogenic to humans. Caffeic acid was judged to be possibly carcinogenic to humans. The report was unable to classify the carcinogenicity of d-limonene. For the heterocyclic aromatic amines present in cooked meat and fish, IQ was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans; MeIQ, MeIQx, and PhIP were classified as possibly carcinogenic. The most extensive monograph, on aflatoxins, concludes that naturally occurring mixtures of aflatoxins are carcinogenic to humans and that aflatoxin M1 occurring in milk is possibly carcinogenic. Toxins derived from Fusarium moniliforme and ochratoxin A, which has been linked to Balkan endemic nephropathy, were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The remaining mycotoxins could not be classified."