Documents public ownership 21 results

"This paper investigates the potential of civic crowdfunding as an innovative and collective option for contributing to the production of local public goods. It is articulated around two pillars. The first section provides a general understanding of crowdfunding practices and focuses principally on its civic component. Civic crowdfunding should be distinguished from other types of crowdfunding since it pursues an objective of general interest and mainly concerns place-based projects instigated by citizens and civil society organisations. The aim of this section is to better understand this field, from the general principles to the specific characteristics of actors and their motivations. The second section goes a step further towards the analysis of this practice with regards to the provision of local public goods. Crowdfunded local public goods usually belong to a specific category of public goods, “urban commons”, which generate significant challenges in terms of production, governance and sustainability. Building on the theory of contracts to better understand the interaction among stakeholders in this process, a new model of co-production relying on civic crowdfunding is proposed. Subnational governments would have a key role to play in enabling this practice and facilitating citizen empowerment through the mobilisation of platforms assets. Civic crowdfunding can provide opportunities for subnational governments in terms of citizens/user information, funding, communication, trust and territorial attractiveness. This paper outlines a series of key questions to guide policy makers in experimenting this practice."

"Privatization and deregulation have created the conditions for the rise of the regulatory state to replace the dirigiste state of the past. Reliance on regulation ? rather than public ownership, planning or centralised administration — characterises the methods of the regulatory state. This study examines the growth of regulation in Europe, at the national and Community levels. It stresses the advantages of this mode of policy making, but also recognises its problems. It is suggested that political accountability can be ensured by a variety of substantive and procedural controls, among which judicial review is especially important. Executive oversight and co?ordination may be improved by using new tools of public management like the regulatory budget or the regulatory clearing house."

"The paper sets out a new asset-based framework for the economic borders of the state. It considers how the economic borders have changed in response to major shocks, notably in the 1980s, and the economic concepts which lay behind these shifts—notably, on the microeconomic side, the market and government failure framework and, on the macroeconomic side, the monetarist challenge to the Keynesian paradigm. The missing elements are the balance sheet and the treatment of assets, debt, and the interests of future generations. Particular attention is paid to utility and infrastructure assets as core public goods, and to the neglect of natural capital."

"Wicksell et Lindahl ont consacré l'essentiel de leurs travaux à la question des biens publics et à l'analyse des décisions de la puissance publique. Leurs recherches, complémentaires, sont considérées à la lumière des dernières avancées de la théorie économique. L'auteur présente les idéaux normatifs qui étaient ceux de ces deux économistes et la difficulté à les atteindre. Leur approche de la négociation politique est analysée à l'aune de concepts plus récents, qui occupent une place centrale dans la théorie économique contemporaine."

Loin d'être parfait, le marché rencontre de nombreuses limites, et en particulier les « défaillances de marché ». Parmi celles-ci, ce qu'on définit comme « biens publics » repose sur deux critères : la non rivalité des acteurs économiques et le fait qu'aucun d'entre eux ne peut être exclu de leur consommation. La mondialisation a conduit à l'émergence de biens publics globaux dont la fourniture pâtit de l'absence d'un gouvernement mondial. Comment résoudre le problème du sous-investissement dans ce domaine essentiel pour l'activité économique?

"With the expansion of the service sector, working conditions have changed during recent decades and it has become more relevant to highlight psychosocial factors as a complement to physical aspects of work. The main scope of this article concerns legal forms of ownership (i.e. the public sector, public enterprises, private enterprises and cooperatives), different types of operations within the service sector, and whether these organizational characteristics create differences in psychosocial working conditions for the individual employee. A total of 1384 employees in 60 workplaces within 25 establishments participated, and the data consisted of both a survey answered by the employees and structured interviews conducted with the local managers in each participating organization. Multilevel analysis showed that a rather high degree of variance in working conditions could be attributed to factors outside/above the individual level, and furthermore, that both ownership and type of operation were significant and relevant variables in order to explain differences in working conditions."