Documents enterprise 243 results

"Jugé excessif, le coût du travail est considéré par certains comme le principal frein au développement des entreprises en France. En réduisant les cotisations sociales à la charge de l'employeur, les politiques d'exonération visent à agir sur l'emploi en rendant son prix plus attractif. À la différence des travaux antérieurs, basés sur une approche relevant de l'économie du travail, le présent article propose une évaluation fondée sur une approche d'économie industrielle. L'impact de l'allègement du coût du travail est analysé à l'aide de modèles de croissance de l'emploi et de rentabilité de la firme dans lesquels le taux d'exonération figure comme variable explicative. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les exonérations de cotisations sociales patronales ont eu un effet positif, mais relativement faible, sur l'emploi. Les entreprises n'affectent donc pas l'intégralité de la réduction du coût du travail permise par l'allègement des cotisations sociales patronales à la réduction de leurs prix de vente, mais en captent une partie pour restaurer ou augmenter leurs marges."

"Using firm-level data for the period 2004 to 2013, this article examines the connection between the financialization of French corporations and functional income distribution in the non-finance sector of the economy. Financialization of French non-financial corporations has increased their dependence on earnings through financial channels, and diminished labor bargaining power in income distribution. We examine the effects of these financial revenues on wage share using a panel data model of 6980 French non-financial firms. We conclude that increased dependence on financial profits is likely to decrease wage share in non-financial corporations. Moreover, this variable is more influential in our model than the other variables usually identified by the literature as determinants of functional income distribution, such as trade openness or labor market institutions. Of the determinants traditionally emphasized by the literature, only technological change has a greater impact than financialization."

"What can donation strategies tell us about corporate political preferences, as seen from the perspective of power resource and varieties of capitalism theories? This article tests six hypotheses within an Olsonian framework for corporate donations to political parties with new data from the 100 largest German firms between 1984 and 2005. The findings reveal that only a minority of firms donate, and donation amounts are surprisingly small given the financial assets of these companies, which suggests the presence of a collective action dilemma with small selective and arguably larger collective benefits. Management ties between firms are an important way of making firms overcome the collective action dilemma. Firms distribute their donations if any – mainly on the right side of the political spectrum, particularly if the firms are personally interwoven with other large companies or if they are family owned. However, some firms, particularly those belonging to the automobile sector, donate across the political spectrum."

"This paper presents systematic empirical evidence for the financialization of the US economy in the post-1970s period. While numerous researchers have noted the increasing salience of finance, there have been few systematic attempts to consider what this shift means for the nature of the economy, considered broadly. In large part, this omission reflects the considerable methodological difficulties associated with using national economic data to assess the rise of finance as a macro-level phenomenon shaping patterns of accumulation in the US economy. The paper develops two discrete measures of financialization and applies these measures to postwar US economic data in order to determine if, and to what extent, the US economy is becoming financialized. The paper concludes by considering some of the implications of financialization for two areas of ongoing debate in the social sciences: (1) the question of who controls the modern corporation; and (2) the controversy surrounding the extent to which globalization has eroded the autonomy of the state."